Transport of anthracene and benz(a)anthracene through iron-quartz and three aquifer materials in laboratory columns

In groundwater systems, dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) can influence the mobility of organic contaminants by altering the contaminant behavior in water and solid phases. The transport of anthracene and benz(a)anthracene (B(a)A) was studied in the presence and absence of NOM and/or soil organic matter (SOM) in column experiments. The results show that sorption are related to the properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), NOM and SOM. In the Fe-quartz media, the amount of NOM (20 mg/l) in solution had a little effect on increasing the apparent solubility of anthracene and countering increased anthracene sorption. In the natural (Bemidji) soil, Suwannee river fulvic acid (SRFA, 20 mg/l) and Suwannee river humic acid (SRHA) in water did not compete with SOM for anthracene, indicating that SOM has higher partition efficiency for anthracene. It was also observed that slow diffusion through an organic phase apparently caused most of the observed tailing in column breakthrough curves (BTCs). Even though the fOC of washed Bemidji sediment was very low, the transport of B(a)A was retarded significantly, however, and the transport of B(a)A was shown to be facilitated by dissolved NOM.     

基于源汇过程模拟的鄱阳湖流域总磷污染源解析

近年来鄱阳湖磷污染问题突出,总磷超标且浓度逐年增加,成为制约鄱阳湖流域（江西）经济社会可持续发展的重要因素.为科学解析鄱阳湖总磷污染来源,耦合多污染源污染负荷估算方法和SPARROW模型,建立基于源汇过程模拟的流域污染源解析技术方法,针对鄱阳湖流域13种总磷污染源开展负荷估算、模拟校核和入湖时空贡献定量解析.结果表明:①鄱阳湖总磷负荷以陆域输入为主（占90.8%）,主要污染来源为农业和城镇生活源,贡献率分别为56.4%和30.6%;污染来源按贡献率的大小排序依次为种植业（29.3%）>城镇生活（24.6%）>畜禽养殖（17.2%）>水产养殖（9.9%）>内源释放（6.9%）>城市径流（6.0%）>农村生活（2.2%）>工业企业（1.6%）>其他源（0.46%）.②在空间贡献方面,总磷入湖负荷主要来自于滨湖区和赣江集水区,贡献率分别为33.5%和31.8%,其他集水区总磷贡献率较小（合计为25.5%）,湖体贡献率为9.2%;同时,不同子流域污染源贡献结构也存在空间差异性.③在时间贡献方面,总磷入湖负荷量呈季节性波动特征,贡献峰值多出现在6月,雨季（3—8月）陆源输入负荷占全年的70%.④所构建的基于源汇过程模拟的污染源解析模型可用于流域水污染来源成因精细化解析.研究显示,鄱阳湖总磷污染来源具有明显时空差异性,建议围绕滨湖区和赣江集水区等高贡献区域设立优先管控区,重点针对种植业、城镇生活、畜禽养殖和水产养殖源,制定磷污染源汇过程减排政策措施,以改善鄱阳湖水环境质量.      

芦竹和木本植物间种修复重金属污染土壤

通过温室盆栽实验,研究草本植物芦竹与木本植物构树、桑树间种修复重金属污染土壤的潜力.结果表明,重金属污染土壤上芦竹与构树、桑树间种有利于植物的生长,提高植物对污染土壤中重金属的富集能力,并有效改善土壤酶活性.重金属污染土壤上单种芦竹、构树和桑树的叶片光合色素含量随着修复时间的延长呈下降趋势,而芦竹与构树、桑树间种修复270 d后,构树叶片叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量,桑树叶片叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量均与修复初期(90 d)相比无显著差异;桑树叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b以及类胡萝卜素含量较单种桑树分别显著(P 0. 05)提高99. 1%、177. 1%和119. 9%,且整株生物量显著(P 0. 05)提高26. 1%.芦竹-构树间种下植物地上部分Pb和Zn总量较单种芦竹分别显著(P 0. 05)提高171%和124%;芦竹-桑树间种下植物地上部分As和Pb总量较单种桑树和芦竹修复分别显著(P 0. 05)提高150%和76. 5%.芦竹与构树、桑树间种修复270 d后,污染土壤中As、Cd、Pb和Zn的赋存形态无明显变化,而且土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和总磷酸酶活性明显优于部分单一植物修复.上述结果表明,芦竹与构树、桑树间种可有效用于重金属污染土壤修复,还可改善污染土壤的环境质量.     

Effects of urbanization on heavy metal accumulation in surface soils, Beijing

Urbanization processes affect the accumulation of heavy metals in urban soils. Effects of urbanization on heavy metal accumulation in soils were studied using Beijing as an example. It has been suggested that the ecological function of vegetation covers shifting from natural to agricultural settings and then to urban greenbelts could increase the zinc(Zn) concentrations of soils successively. The Zn concentration of urban soils was significantly correlated to the percentage of the impervious land surface at the500 m × 500 m spatial scale. For urban parks, the age or years since the development accounted for 80% of the variances of cadmium(Cd) and Zn in soils. The population density,however, did not affect the heavy metal distributions in urban soils. To conclude, the urban age turned out to be a notable factor in quantifying heavy metal accumulation in urban soils.     

Analysis of the influencing factors of PAEs volatilization from typical plastic products

The primary emphasis of this research was to investigate the foundations of phthalate(PAEs) pollutant source researches and then firstly confirmed the concept of the coefficient of volatile strength, namely phthalate total content in per unit mass and unit surface area of pollutant sources. Through surveying and evaluating the coefficient of volatile strength of PAEs from typical plastic products, this research carried out reasonable classification of PAEs pollutant sources into three categories and then investigated the relationship amongst the coefficient of volatile strength as well as other environmental factors and the concentration level of total PAEs in indoor air measured in environment chambers.Research obtained phthalate concentration results under different temperature, humidity,the coefficient of volatile strength and the closed time through the chamber experiment. In addition, this study further explored the correlation and ratio of influencing factors that affect the concentration level of total PAEs in environment chambers, including environmental factors, the coefficient of volatile strengths of PAEs and contents of total PAEs in plastic products. The research created an improved database system of phthalate the coefficient of volatile strengths of each type of plastic goods, and tentatively revealed that the volatile patterns of PAEs from different typical plastic goods, finally confirmed that the coefficient of volatile strengths of PAEs is a major factor that affects the indoor air total PAEs concentration, which laid a solid foundation for further establishing the volatile equation of PAEs from plastic products.     

安钢冶炼系统工伤事故统计与分析

安阳钢铁集团公司工伤事故统计分析表明，冶炼系统是发生事故较多的系统，各类工伤事故约占事故总数的38％。冶炼系统中，第二炼钢厂是安钢集团公司核心单位，工伤事故特点具有一定代表性。对该厂近10年工伤事故进行了统计分析，总结了事故规律，提出了加强和改进工作的建议和措施，对搞好钢铁冶炼的安全生产具有指导意义。     

TWO PRACTICAL APPROACHES FOR DETERMINING THE CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF RAINFALL DEPTH PERCENTILES1

ABSTRACT: A simple simulation type approach and a statistical method are proposed for determining the confidence interval of the T‐year frequency rainfall percentiles (or precipitation extremes) for generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions. The former method is based on the Monte Carlo testing procedure. To generate realizations, the covariance structure of the three parameters of GEV is investigated using an observed information matrix of the likelihood function. For distributions with realistic parameters, the correlation between the location and the scale parameters is practically constant when the shape parameter varies around values close to its optimal value. The latter method is based on likelihood ratio statistics. In the case where the joint confidence surface for shape parameters and estimates is plotted with lines of best estimates, the region where the estimated best percentile value can be chosen as a possible estimate is part of the joint confidence surface. The projection of this bounded region on axis of percentile is defined as the effective confidence interval in this research. The use of this effective interval as the confidence interval of the percentile of T‐year frequency rainfall is particularly recommended because it is stable for T and it reflects variations in all three parameters of GEV appropriately.     

控制爆破拆除工程中的安全管理

控制爆破拆除工程是一项危险性极高的工作,因此对工程从设计到施工进行全过程的安全管理是十分重要的。以《爆破安全规程》为基础,提出了一套行之有效的安全管理方法,并通过实例对该安全管理方法的实施作了详细论述。     

物理污染及其对人类的危害

本文从噪声、放射性和电磁辐射三个方面对物理性污染的来源及其危害作了详尽的阐述，指出了物理性污染的形成及其诱发疾病的常见症状，提醒人们在日常生活中注意对物理性污染的防范。     

燃油锅炉噪声控制设计

为改善大气质量环境,多数城市市区淘汰了小型燃煤锅炉,以集中供热或燃油锅炉取而代之,由于燃油锅炉多安装在机关小院或居民小区内,运行中辐射较强的噪声,影响人们的工作和生活,必须加以控制。针对燃油锅炉噪声频谱特性进行分析,提出合理的治理措施,并通过工程实施验证了设计方案的正确性,给燃油锅炉噪声控制提供了可借鉴的经验。