GB/T 7702-2008《煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法》标准的研究

通过对GB/T 7702-2008《煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法》的修订,研究了国际上先进国家的ASTM、JIS、ГОСТ同类标准内容。本系列标准除等同采用部分国际先进标准外,还结合本国特点增加了部分国外标准没有的内容,同时着重对碘吸附值测定进行了深入研究,确定了国际先进的碘吸附值试验方法。     

基于AHP法的诱发露天矿作业现场碰撞事故危险点重要度排序

露天矿作业现场运行的设备碰撞事故属于安全生产重大事故,尽管发生并不频繁但是同类事故依然在生产中发生。控制诱发该类事故的危险点是现场安全管理的重点,根据现场的事故案例运用AHP法,通过对危险点排序找出其中的重要度,确定碰撞事故中的主要诱发因素,以此在动态生产中识别系统关键节点的危险性,找到预防同类碰撞事故的有效措施。由于诱发危险点在生产中的复杂性,AHP法解决的只是一段时间内的问题,但也为快速掌握安全预控问题提供了一种研究思路。这样在管理资源有限的条件下,为工艺运行的安全预防和控制提供可靠的保障。     

The toxicity of cadmium ion (Cd2+) to phycocyanin: an in vitro spectroscopic study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The pollution of heavy metals is a severer problem for the ecosystems in waters. The toxicity of Cd2+ on phycocyanin (PC) is studied in molecular...     

不同碳源条件下草菇内切型纤维素酶基因（eg1）转录表达的分析

利用Northernblot方法分析了不同碳源条件下草菇切型纤维素酶基因(eg1)的表达.结果发现,在含有纤维素的液体培养基中生长10d,eg1在草菇菌丝中有高效表达;纤维二糖、α-乳糖、β-乳糖,也能诱导eg1的表达,但和纤维素相比,eg1的表达量相对较低,并且它们的诱导效应在加入这类糖12h后迅速减弱;槐糖和龙胆二糖的诱导作用非常弱.在天然稻草为基质的固体栽培料生长时,草菇eg1的表达和草菇菌丝生长与出菇相对应,在菌丝生长期(d8)可见eg1的表达,d12时菌丝已长满,表达减弱,在出菇及菇体的分化及增大期,eg1的表达量逐渐增强,在成熟期达到最高水平;表明在草菇菇体发育中需要更多碳源及能源的补充,eg1在这方面起着非常重要的作用.图4参14     

某铁矿胶带运输机移动卸料车的除尘系统

针对该矿胶带运输机移动卸料车定点卸料的作业特点,采用随卸料车移动的抽风罩、水平式风管接口装置及湿式除尘机组,构成简捷的除尘系统,有效地解决了卸料车作业时产生的粉尘污染问题。     

Quick determination of malodor-causing fatty acids in manure by capillary electrophoresis

The analysis of odor components in livestock waste has been extensively studied. Past research has identified volatile fatty acids, especially from C3 to C6, as indicators of malodor. Originally, the odorous components were analyzed by gas chromatography after a tedious absorption and troublesome extraction procedure or by a subjectively olfactory system or sense of smell. Thus, there is a need for the development of highly specific, quantitative analytical methods. In this research, a comprehensive liquid manure analysis approach-capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a systematic optimization procedure-was adopted to measure the concentration of propanoic acid (C2H5COOH, C3), butyric acid (C3H7COOH, C4), valeric acid (C4H9COOH, C5) and caproic acid (C5H11COOH, C6) in swine manure. Liquid samples after filtration were injected into CE directly. The following condition is finally proposed: fused-silica capillary, effective length 40 cm, 50 microm I.D.; buffer, 20 mM Tris and 10 mM p-anisate, pH 8.0; voltage 30 kV; temperature 25 degrees C. The results showed that CE provided a quantitative analysis of volatile fatty acids in liquid manure at the ppm level with minimum sample needed (nanoliter). Moreover, the use of CE is a timesaving technique; one measurement for the separation of those VFAs could be completed within 10 min.     

Catalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis of brominated diphenyl ethers

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants due to their use as additive flame-retardants. Conventional catalytic hydrogenolysis in methanol solution and electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis in aqueous methanol were examined as methods for debrominating mono- and di-bromodiphenyl ethers, as well as a commercial penta-PBDE mixture, in each case using palladium on alumina as the catalyst. Electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis employed a divided flow-through batch cell, with reticulated vitreous carbon cathodes and IrO2/Ti dimensionally stable anodes. Both methods gave efficient sequential debromination, with essentially complete removal of bromine from the PBDEs, but the electrocatalytic method was limited by the poor solubility of PBDEs in aqueous methanol.     

Properties of pyrolytic chars and activated carbons derived from pilot-scale pyrolysis of used tires

Used tires were pyrolyzed in a pilot-scale quasi-inert rotary kiln. Influences of variables, such as time, temperature, and agent flow, on the activation of obtained char were subsequently investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed. Mesoporous pores are found to be dominant in the pore structures of raw char. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surfaces of activated chars increased linearly with carbon burnoff. The carbon burnoff of tire char achieved by carbon dioxide (CO2) under otherwise identical conditions was on average 75% of that achieved by steam, but their BET surfaces are almost the same. The proper activation greatly improved the aqueous adsorption of raw char, especially for small molecular adsorbates, for example, phenol from 6 to 51 mg/g. With increasing burnoff, phenol adsorption exhibited a first-stage linear increase followed by a rapid drop after 30% burnoff. Similarly, iodine adsorption first increased linearly, but it held as the burnoff exceeded 40%, which implied that the reduction of iodine adsorption due to decreasing micropores was partially made up by increasing mesopores. Both raw chars and activated chars showed appreciable adsorption capacity of methylene-blue comparable with that of commercial carbons. Thus, tire-derived activated carbons can be used as an excellent mesoporous adsorbent for larger molecular species.     

一体化间歇曝气完全混合活性污泥法

一体化间歇曝气完全混合活性污泥法处理装置采取特殊的沉淀区构造,改变了活性污泥的循环流动方式,通过间歇曝气,反应区交替处于好氧/缺氧状态,达到了有机物高效去除、高效硝化反硝化及控制污泥膨胀的效果.该方法具有出水水质好、运行稳定、能耗低、流程简洁和操作管理方便的特点,是一种很有发展潜力的一体化中小型生活污水、城市污水处理系统.