城市天然气管道风险特征与肯特法的改进

根据城市高压天然气管道特点,将适合于城市天然气管道风险分析的肯特评分法加以改进,包括调整评分项目和事故因素权重,使其成为适于城市天然气管道的风险分析法.将改进后的肯特评分法应用于常州21 km高压天然气管道的风险评价,得出8个相对高风险管段,其分析结果可作为安全管理人员合理分配维护资源的理论依据.工程应用实例证明:改进后的肯特法具有较强的可行性,是城市高压天然气管道风险评估的有效工具.     

硬木地板材料和棉花秆的变氧浓度热解燃烧表观动力学的实验研究

本文采用TG-FTIR分析方法深入研究了火场中硬木地板材料和棉花秆变氧浓度燃烧过程,深入分析了氧浓度对纤维物质燃烧表观热失重影响;通过大量的动力学参数计算得出了可燃物的表观活化能与实际氧浓度成线性关系;分析了氧浓度对木材燃烧气体产物的影响,并探索了氧浓度影响热解和燃烧的机理。     

磨细粉煤灰自动装车除尘系统的研制

针对磨细粉煤灰由储料仓向罐式汽车内装料的作业特点,研制了自动化装车除尘系统,解决了装车过程中的粉尘污染问题,并实现了装车过程的自动化。     

GB/T 7702-2008《煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法》标准的研究

通过对GB/T 7702-2008《煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法》的修订,研究了国际上先进国家的ASTM、JIS、ГОСТ同类标准内容。本系列标准除等同采用部分国际先进标准外,还结合本国特点增加了部分国外标准没有的内容,同时着重对碘吸附值测定进行了深入研究,确定了国际先进的碘吸附值试验方法。     

基于LSTM循环神经网络的雷电潜势预测

为探索循环神经网络模型在非线性预测中的应用,进一步提高雷电潜势预测的准确率,构建长短期记忆(LSTM)循环神经网络模型,并以贵阳探空站为例,统计站点周边100 km、12 h范围内的闪电次数,获取23个与雷电活动关联度r>0.8的探空物理量参数,以此作为预测模型的样本特征;分析超参数选取对模型的影响,开展(0,24]h内的雷电潜势预测研究,并对比检验效果。研究结果表明:构建学习率为0.000 1、批量样本量为32、输入序列长度为10的LSTM网络模型,有利于提高模型泛化和快速收敛;通过输入前5天的大风指数、修正指数等23个探空物理量参数,发现(0,12]h的雷电潜势预测效果明显优于(12,24]h;采用该模型验证(0,12]h测试数据,得出被试工作特征曲线线下面积(AUC)接近于1,命中率(POD)为93.4%,虚警率(FAR)为17.4%,临界成功指数(CSI)为78.1%,验证了该模型的有效性。     

Low-temperature oxidation of coal at elevated pressures

A mathematical model is presented to describe steady-state mass transfer and oxidation processes in coal at low temperatures in a fixed-bed flow reactor. The model incorporates the effects of partial pressure of oxygen, temperature and coal particle size, and accounts for the rate of coal oxidation and the composition of oxygenated products at high pressures. This is an important development since previous models did not include the effect of pressure in their formulation. It is found that, when the partial pressure of oxygen increases the rate of oxygen consumption increases accordingly. However, the influence of partial pressure of oxygen on the rate of oxidation is less pronounced when the pressure surpasses 1 MPa. In addition the model predicts that, for a constant partial pressure of oxygen, higher rates of oxygen consumption occur at lower total pressures. The same trends are also found for the concentration of oxygenated products at the reactor outlet. It is suggested that, the variation of partial pressure of oxygen leads to different concentration levels of oxygen at the surface and within the pores of coal particles, substantially affecting the rate of oxidation.     

某铁矿胶带运输机移动卸料车的除尘系统

针对该矿胶带运输机移动卸料车定点卸料的作业特点,采用随卸料车移动的抽风罩、水平式风管接口装置及湿式除尘机组,构成简捷的除尘系统,有效地解决了卸料车作业时产生的粉尘污染问题。     

Complaint reports for violations of health and safety legislation in the area of Thessaloniki (Greece)

Prosecution is one of the frequently employed instruments for the enforcement of health and safety legislation. In Greece, the penal procedure for such issues usually starts on initiative of a labour inspector who sends a complaint report to the public prosecutor. Should the complaint report be the result of a serious accident, there is an increased probability for the judgement of the court to remain unknown to the labour inspector, as well as the predicted penalty in the first instance court to be reduced. However, the appointment of a counsel by the victim of the accident could reverse such an effect, thus reducing the probability of the court’s judgement remaining unknown and raising the predicted penalty.     

基于风险场的高速公路高风险区域甄别方法

为有效识别高速公路高风险区域,首先,在理论阐述和量化解释行车风险演化机制基础上引入势场理论,提出道路静态风险场的基本概念及性质;然后,在分析道路要素对行车安全影响的基础上,构建路域范围内的构造物、线形、路侧等要素的静态风险场计算模型,提出高速公路高风险区域甄别方法,同时,基于交通事故统计数据,对静态风险场计算模型的风险量进行参数标定;最后,依托实际项目,进行区域风险等级预测和有效性验证。结果表明:研究路段的33处区域中26处甄别结果与实际风险等级相同,仅有7处结果不一致,风险等级结果相差一个等级内的区域数量为30处; 风险等级预测结果准确率达78.79%,与实际风险等级结果相差一个等级内的准确率达90.91%。静态风险场能够有效应用于高风险区域甄别,研究有助于设计及运营阶段高速公路安全治理。