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71.
NOM characteristics and treatabilities of ozonation processes 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The objectives of this study were intended to evaluate the effects of the characteristics of natural organic matter on the treatabilities of ozonation, coagulation, filtration, and granular activated carbon processes. The ultra-violet absorbance (UV254) was used as a surrogate parameter to assess each process in reducing the disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP). The results indicate that the DBPFP varies with the sources of water samples and treatment processes, but is closely related to the measurement of UV254/DOC. Coagulation/sedimentation can eliminate large molecular weight organic fractions. Both pre- and post-ozonation processes can reduce some of DBP precursors than the conventional treatment process, and are more reliable for reducing the overall DBPFP. 相似文献
72.
Effects of bromide on the formation of THMs and HAAs 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
The role of bromide in the formation and speciation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during chlorination was investigated. The molar ratio of applied chlorine to bromide is an important factor in the formation and speciation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and halogenacetic acids (HAAs). A good relationship exists between the molar fractions of THMs and the bromide incorporation factor. The halogen substitution ability of HOBr and HOCl during the formation of THMs and HAAs can be determined based on probability theory. The formation of HAAs, and their respective concentrations, can also be estimated through use of the developed model. 相似文献
73.
Ting Kuo Chiang Lin Hsiao-Hsien Chien Jung-Hul Tseng Kuan-Chieh Hsu Chin-Hsien 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(48):72101-72116
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present study aimed to explore the opportunities for the sustainable development of professional sports enterprises and events from the... 相似文献
74.
An evaluation approach for livable urban environments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Chia-Ling Chiang Jeng-Jong Liang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5229-5242
This study proposes a method for evaluating livable urban environments using the analytic hierarchy process, a survey of public opinions (n?=?1,075), and gray relational analysis with a pollutant standards index to estimate the weights of weather, air pollution, and environment aspects and each respective factor. This study investigates the positive or negative correlation of these factors and their effects on livable environment. A value of 100 was designated as the perfect living condition. Results show that the weights of weather, air pollution, and environment aspects were 0.288, 0.395, and 0.317, respectively. The weight ranges of three weather factors, five air pollution factors, and ten environmental factors were 0.311-0.358, 0.191-205, and 0.081-0.116, respectively. The monthly livable index of 28 districts in Taichung City and of 20 cities/counties in Taiwan ranged from 81.1 to 92.4 and from 83.1 to 90.8 in different months, respectively, showing that environmental aspect played a key role. These results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide a quantification index of living conditions in each region, thereby establishing the governmental improvement policy firmly. This study also presents a discussion on improvement strategies, especially on the apportionment rate of governmental construction funds for livable urban environments. 相似文献
75.
Dora Sheau‐Yun Chiang Everett W. Glover Jeff Peterman Joseph Harrigan Bill DiGuiseppi David S. Woodward 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2008,19(1):19-37
1,4‐Dioxane entered the environment as a result of historic leaks and spills in the production area at an industrial facility in the southeastern coastal plain. The areal extent of the 1,4‐dioxane plume is several hundred acres and is largely contained on the site. Land use adjacent to the plant property is primarily undeveloped (wetlands or woods) or industrial, with a small area of mixed land use (commercial/residential) to the southwest and north. The surficial aquifer is a relatively simple hydrogeologic system with well‐defined boundaries and is comprised of a 50‐ to 70‐foot‐thick deposit of alluvial/fluvial sand and gravel that overlies an aquitard in excess of 100 feet thick. A groundwater flow model, developed and calibrated using field‐measured data, was used for the fate‐and‐transport modeling of 1,4‐dioxane. The flow‐and‐transport model, combined with the evaluation of other site geochemical data, was used to support the selection of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as the proposed groundwater remedy for the site. Since the active sources of contamination have been removed and the modeling/field data demonstrated that the plume was stable and not expanding, the proposed MNA approach was accepted and approved by the regulatory agency for implementation in 2004. Subsequent accumulated data confirm that concentrations in the 1,4‐dioxane plume are declining as predicted by the fate‐and‐transport modeling. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
76.
The objectives of this research were to examine the physical characteristics of activated carbons made of different materials, thereby suggest a preferable approach to obtaining the optimal estimation of the parameters for the activated carbons by the statistical techniques. After the appropriate pretreatments, the apparent and true densities of activated carbon, adsorption isotherms of argon, nitrogen and mercury, and the adsorptive capacity of benzene were determined by using the recommended approaches. The results showed that the shapes of hysteresis loop indicated that the pores were probably slit‐shaped or formed by plate‐like particles, which could be confirmed by the SEM examination. It was noted that the apparent density used for pore volume calculation presented a higher possibility of underestimation. Through the use of the statistical techniques, such as factor analysis (FA) and correspondence analysis (CA), the principal physical parameters on adsorption phenomena could be characterized. Finally, the optimal methods for obtaining the surface area and pore volume of activated carbons were suggested. 相似文献
77.
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79.
Wai-Lun Chiang Rudolf Shiu-Sun Wu Peter Kwan-Ngok Yu Doris Wai-Ting Au 《Marine Biology》2007,151(2):703-711
Earlier laboratory experiments suggested that environmental levels of UV-B radiation can damage the eyes of barnacle naupliar
larvae and impair their phototactic behaviors. However, since barnacle larvae may avoid UV by migrating to deeper waters,
it is not known whether such impairment would actually occur under field conditions. For the first time, this study provides
both field and laboratory evidences to show that prevailing UV-B in the natural habitat of barnacle larvae could be an important
environmental factor affecting natural barnacle populations. We here showed that although barnacle nauplii may avoid UV-B
irradiation by downward migration, the amount of UV energy (9.8 × 10−6 J) received by a naupliar eye during downward migration in the natural water column is within the same order of magnitude
as the total energy (7.5 × 10−6 J) sufficient to cause damages to naupliar eye and impair their phototactic responses. It is possible that solar UV-B prevailing
at shallow waters would pose a similar threat to other zooplankton species over large geographic scale. 相似文献
80.