气水比对曝气生物活性炭处理原水的影响

针对从臭氧-活性炭工艺中开发出来的预臭氧-曝气生物活性炭,在不同气水比工况下进行实验,分析了不同气水比对曝气生物活性炭处理微污染原水的影响与作用。结果表明:在滤速为8～12 m/h,空床接触时间为11.5～15.4 min,装填密度为510 g/L条件下,不同气水比对去除氨氮的影响大于对CODMn的影响。气水比为0.3∶1时,对氨氮浓度为1.65～2.10 mg/L范围的进水平均去除率为81.9%,亚硝酸盐氮平均积累率为1.4%,CODMn去除率为70.6%。当气水比逐渐增加时,氨氮平均去除率有所提高,亚硝酸盐氮积累率则有所下降,对较低浓度的CODMn影响不大。     

Combining bioaccumulation and coping mechanism to enhance long-term site-specific risk assessment for zinc susceptibility of bivalves

The purpose of this study is to conduct a long-term site-specific risk assessment for zinc (Zn) susceptibility of bivalves, green mussel Perna viridis and hard clam Ruditapes philippinarum, based on published experimental data by linking the biologically-based damage assessment model with the subcellular partitioning concept. A comprehensive risk modeling framework was developed to predict susceptibility probability of two bivalve species exposed to waterborne Zn. The results indicated that P. viridis accumulates more Zn toxicity, whereas both toxic potency and the recovery rate of Zn are higher for R. philippinarum. We found that negative linear correlations exist in elimination-recovery and elimination-detoxification relationships, whereas a positive linear correlation was observed in recovery-detoxification relationships for bivalves exposed to waterborne Zn. Simulation results showed that the spatial differences of susceptibility primarily resulted from the variation of waterborne Zn concentration under field conditions. We found that R. philippinarum is more susceptible of Zn than P. viridis under the same exposure condition. Results also suggested that Zn posed no significant susceptibility risk to two bivalve species in Taiwan. We suggested that these two species can be used to biomonitor the water quality on Taiwan coastal areas.     

Impact of selected solution factors on arsenate and arsenite removal by nanoiron particles

Introduction  

The nano-scale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was used for the removal of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) in aqueous solution. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of initial pH, initial arsenic concentration, dissolved oxygen (DO), and ratio of As(III)/As(V) on arsenic removal.     

弧叶型旋转窑烧制污泥陶粒实验研究

实验选取污水污泥、粉煤灰和港口淤泥为原辅材料,采取正交实验设计物料质量配合比与烧制工艺参数,遴选出最佳物料配比和优化的烧制工艺;依照选定物料配比和工艺参数采用弧叶型旋转窑烧制污泥陶粒并测定产品的1 h吸水率,软化系数,堆积密度,表观密度,颗粒级配,粒型系数以及产品浸出毒性等技术指标,选取制得陶粒产品替代全部天然石料配制...     

The use of failure mode and effects analysis to construct an effective disposal and prevention mechanism for infectious hospital waste

In recent times, the quality of medical care has been continuously improving in medical institutions wherein patient-centred care has been emphasized. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) has also been promoted as a method of basic risk management and as part of total quality management (TQM) for improving the quality of medical care and preventing mistakes. Therefore, a study was conducted using FMEA to evaluate the potential risk causes in the process of infectious medical waste disposal, devise standard procedures concerning the waste, and propose feasible plans for facilitating the detection of exceptional cases of infectious waste. The analysis revealed the following results regarding medical institutions: (a) FMEA can be used to identify the risk factors of infectious waste disposal. (b) During the infectious waste disposal process, six items were scored over 100 in the assessment of uncontrolled risks: erroneous discarding of infectious waste by patients and their families, erroneous discarding by nursing staff, erroneous discarding by medical staff, cleaning drivers pierced by sharp articles, cleaning staff pierced by sharp articles, and unmarked output units. Therefore, the study concluded that it was necessary to (1) provide education and training about waste classification to the medical staff, patients and their families, nursing staff, and cleaning staff; (2) clarify the signs of caution; and (3) evaluate the failure mode and strengthen the effects.     

Approaches to eliminate waste and reduce cost for recycling glass

In recent years, the issue of environmental protection has received considerable attention. This paper adds to the literature by investigating a scheduling problem in the manufacturing of a glass recycling factory in Taiwan. The objective is to minimize the sum of the total holding cost and loss cost. We first represent the problem as an integer programming (IP) model, and then develop two heuristics based on the IP model to find near-optimal solutions for the problem. To validate the proposed heuristics, comparisons between optimal solutions from the IP model and solutions from the current method are conducted. The comparisons involve two problem sizes, small and large, where the small problems range from 15 to 45 jobs, and the large problems from 50 to 100 jobs. Finally, a genetic algorithm is applied to evaluate the proposed heuristics. Computational experiments show that the proposed heuristics can find good solutions in a reasonable time for the considered problem.     

基于天气分型的北京地区雷电潜势预报预警系统

对1997-2006年457个雷暴过程的环流形势进行对比分析,将北京地区的雷暴天气分为东北低涡低槽、贝蒙低涡低槽、西来槽等11种雷暴天气型;利用南郊观象台(54511站)的探空资料计算对流有效位能、抬升指数和相对风暴螺旋度等33个对流参数,通过与北京地区SAFAIR3000获取的闪电定位资料进行统计分析,提取BCAPE、BLI、MDCI、BIC、KNEW和SWISS等6个对流参数作为北京地区潜势预报参数;采用事件概率回归(REEP)方法,利用获取的6个对流参数作为变量,形成了11种雷暴天气型下的潜势预报方法。利用WRF模式的预报场,建立适用于北京地区3～36 h雷电潜势预报系统。个例实验结果表明其具有较好准确性。由于该系统建立过程中使用了高分辨率探测资料和中尺度模式的输出结果,实现了雷电潜势预报由点到面,由粗到细的突破,对北京地区雷电预警预报具有一定的应用价值。     

利用某尾矿制备纳米SiO2

采用固相熔融法从尾矿中提取SiO2,利用超声辅助化学沉淀法制备纳米SiO2。分别研究了NaOH与尾矿质量比、反应温度、反应时间对SiO2提取率的影响,以及溶解水量、HCl浓度、终点pH、超声波功率和超声波频率对纳米SiO2性能的影响,研究表明,当NaOH与尾矿的质量比为1.4∶1,温度为325℃时灼烧25 min后用100 mL水溶解,滴加1.6 mol/LHCl酸化沉淀,终点pH调至8.5,在超声功率100 W,超声频率28 Hz的条件下,尾矿中SiO2提取率达到98.0%,产物中SiO2含量为98.40%,平均粒度为18 nm,得到的产品符合国家标准。     

2株油烟降解优势菌株的筛选及性能研究

通过以油烟冷凝液为惟一碳源的选择培养基初筛,从长期受到油烟严重污染的土壤中筛选出具有降解油烟污染物能力的优势菌株XJ01、XJ03。研究了其最佳生长条件及降解性能,并对其进行了生理生化特征及分子生物学鉴定。研究表明,XJ01、XJ03最佳生长温度分别为35℃、30℃,最佳生长pH均为7,摇床转速均为120r／min,最佳降解时间分别为48h和36h;在最佳降解条件下,xJ01、XJ03总降解量分别达4．47113g／L和4．18ing／L,降解过程中,降解液pH值持续下降,生物量先增加后下降。经分子生物学鉴定,菌株XJ01、XJ03分别与铜绿假单胞菌群（Pseudomonasaeruginosagroup）和克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiellasp．）同源性最高均达到100％。     

直物收割频率对水生植物滤床深度处理养猪废水的影响

采用水生植物滤床系统深度处理养猪废水,开展了不同收割频率条件下系统对污水净化效果的对比研究。实验结果表明,当水力负荷为5cm／d时,植物收割频率的增加会降低系统对TN和TP的去除效果,而对COD的去除效果则无明显影响。当不进行植物收割时,系统对养猪废水的净化效果最好,对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为71．26％、34．32％和29．52％。因此,合适的植物收割频率是强化APFB系统处理效果的关键因素。