Characteristics of organic phosphorus fractions in different trophic sediments of lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region and Southwestern Plateau, China

In this study, the characteristics of organic phosphorus (Po) fractions in sediments of six lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region and Southwestern China Plateau, China were investigated using a soil Po fractionation scheme, and the relationships between Po, inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and pollution status were also discussed. The results show that the rank order of Po fractions was: residual Po>HCl-Po>fulvic acid-P>humic acid-P>NaHCO3-Po, with their average relative proportion 8.7:4.6:3.2:2.1:1.0. Po fractions, especially nonlabile Po, were significantly correlated with organic matter, Po and NaOH-Pi. Different distribution patterns of P fractions were observed in those two different regions. Po fractions in the heavily polluted sediments were higher than those in moderately and no polluted sediments, it is suggested that Po should be paid more attention in the lake eutrophication investigation.     

镉胁迫对大豆花荚期生理生态的影响

为了探讨重金属胁迫对大豆繁殖期生理生态的影响,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了Cd2+胁迫对五月王和日本青两个大豆品系花荚期植株生长及叶片叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),活性、过氧化物酶(POD),活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明:(1)低质量分数Cd2+胁迫对2个大豆品系的花荚期植株生物量和植株高度均具有促进作用,但随着Cd2+质量分数的增加转而抑制大豆植株的生物量和高度的增加,且质量分数越高其抑制作用越明显.(2)不同质量分数Cd2+处理对花荚期大豆叶片叶绿素合成具有刺激效应,两个大豆品系结荚期的叶绿素含量随胁迫时间的延长呈先增加后降低的趋势.(3)短时间、低质量分数的Cd2+胁迫能增强大豆花荚期SOD活性,长时间、高质量分数的Cd2+胁迫能抑制大豆花荚期SOD活性.(4)随着Cd2+质量分数增加,五月王和日本青结荚期POD活性逐渐升高,但其时间效应有差异;随着胁迫时间的延长,日本青花荚期POD活性稳步提高,而五月王在长时间、高质量分数Cd2+胁迫下POD活性降低.(5)随着Cd2+质量分数和胁迫时间的递增,大豆MDA含量呈"先升后降"趋势.(6)大豆五月王和日本青花荚期对Cd2+耐受性存在较大差异,这主要是由二者的遗传学因素不同决定的而不是环境因素.     

Pollution characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Haicang District in Xiamen City, Southeast China

The compositions, spatial distributions, seasonal variations and ozone formation potential (OFP) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated in the atmosphere of Haicang District, Xiamen City, Southeast China. Twenty-four types of VOCs were measured in this study, and ethanol, methylene chloride, toluene, ethyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol were the abundant species based on concentration rank. The concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) in industrial areas were higher than those in residential and administrative areas and background site. For industrial areas, the TVOCs concentrations in summer were higher than those in winter, which might result from higher emissions from industrial activities because of stronger evaporation in summer. In contrast, non-industrial areas showed higher concentrations in winter due to the unfavorable meteorological conditions. The spatial distribution of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) followed the order of industrial areas > residential and administrative areas > background site, and the concentrations in summer were lower than those in winter for most sites. The high ratios (8.9-14.0) of T/B in this study indicated that industrial emissions were the main sources in this district. X/B ratios were used to assess the ages of air parcels and provided evidence of the transport of air parcels among these sites. Total OFP (TOFP) showed the trend of increase with the increase of TVOCs, and toluene was found as the major contributor to TOFP.     

国内输送石油基、天然气橡胶软管采标情况分析

TSG 21-2016《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》对装卸软管的性能做出要求,但未明确给出相关检测采用的协调标准与引用标准.国内装卸液化石油气、天然气等软管主要采用橡胶软管,本文通过收集国内现行检测输送石油基、天然气橡胶软管的国际标准与国家标准,分析国内标准的采标情况,包括采标率、采标一致性程度、采标时效性,为检测...     

利用电液压脉冲技术控制水体藻类的研究

针对传统的物理、化学和生物除藻技术的缺陷,提出了利用电液压脉冲技术控制水体中藻类的新方法.基于电液压脉冲技术的工作原理,利用水泵抽取湖泊中的水体,在电液压脉冲产生的高压和高温作用下,对控制水体藻类的工艺流程进行了详细分析.理论分析和实验研究表明:电液压脉冲的除藻效果与其作用次数呈指数关系,放电产生的电磁场、等离子体、空化流和在放电区域内所发生的复合作用对液体具有强大的综合作用,它们瞬间同时对水体发生作用,因此可以杀菌和控制湖泊水体中的藻类,以达到保护环境的目的.同时,利用电液压脉冲技术控制水体中的藻类,根据水的污染程度,能耗仅为0.1～0.5 kWh/m3.     

挥发酚实验用水的探讨

本文对挥发酚实验用水进行探索及改进．直接采用蒸馏水代替无酚水为实验用水。应用于质控考核工作中,取得较理想的显著效果。结果表明．精密度、准确度都符合分析要求,并能降低成本,省时、省电、提高工效,可广泛应用于环境监测工作中,具有普遍实用价值。     

Low energy buildings in Taiwan mountain areas: A weather data analysis

The energy consumption of buildings is influenced by the climates tremendously. Taiwan is an island covered with high mountains. Crossed by the tropic of cancer, the basic climates zones include tropical and subtropical climates. In this research, the degree day and degree hour methods were used to analyze 37 weather stations data in mid and high elevation regions of Taiwan collected over 10 years. The WRF model were used to predict summer cooling hours using 26, 28, 30°C as the base temperatures. The research showed that Taiwan has complicated climate zones due to the variations of the elevation. The low air-conditioning load areas in the mid and high elevation regions will be the most suitable areas to design low energy consumption buildings in Taiwan.