中国肉类企业环境友好状况分析

为提高中国肉类企业生产水平,促进中小企业采用环境友好技术,改善企业环境友好现状,本文基于回收的有效调研问卷,从当前企业生产的环境友好行为意向和企业采用的环境友好型技术着手,重点分析在加工过程中企业对环境的重视程度、资源回收利用情况以及资源环境培训情况;对企业的加工技术和废水处理技术等方面进行对比,并对企业环境友好状况做简单分析;最后对中国中小型肉类企业环境友好型发展提出改进措施及建议。     

One-step preparation of polyimide-inlaid amine-rich porous organic block copolymer for efficient removal of chlorophenols from aqueous solution

A novel polyimide-inlaid amine-rich porous organic block copolymer (PI-b-ARPOP) was prepared via one-step polymerization by using different molar ratios of melamine (MA)/terephthalaldehyde (TA)/pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), at molar ratios of 4/3/1, 4/2/2 and 4/1/3. The copolymer contained both aminal groups belonging to ARPOP and imide groups belonging to PI, and the bonding styles of the monomers and growth orientations of the polymeric chains were diversiform, forming an excellent porous structure. Notably, MA/TA/PMDA (4/2/2) had a surface area and pore volume of 487.27?m²/g and 1.169?cm³/g, respectively. The adsorption performance of the materials towards 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in ultra-pure water was systematically studied. The pH value of 7 was optimal in aqueous solution. Na⁺ and Cl^? ions did not negatively affect the adsorption process, while humic acid (HA) slightly decreased the capacity. The equilibrium time was 40 sec, and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 282.49?mg/g at 298?K. The removal process was endothermic and spontaneous, and the copolymer could maintain its porous structure and consistent performance after regeneration by treatment with alkali. Moreover, to further assess the practical applicability of the material, the adsorption performance towards 2,4-DCP in river water was also investigated. This paper demonstrated that the PI-b-ARPOP can be an efficient and practical adsorbent to remove chlorophenols from aqueous solution.     

典型城市污水处理厂污泥无机质含量及含砂率分析

对青岛5个典型城市污水处理厂污泥无机质含量与含砂率进行了调查研究,结果表明,以生活污水为主的A厂(90%为生活污水)和B厂(85%为生活污水)的污泥无机质含量在20%³0%,而以工业废水为主的C厂(50%为工业废水)、D厂(50%为工业废水)和E厂(70%为工业废水)的污泥无机质含量在50%30%,而以工业废水为主的C厂(50%为工业废水)、D厂(50%为工业废水)和E厂(70%为工业废水)的污泥无机质含量在50%⁷0%;各污水厂污泥含砂率相差较大,而且污泥无机质含量较高的C厂、D厂和E厂,其含砂率普遍较高,而污泥无机质含量较低的A厂和B厂,其含砂率也较低。对其中砂质进行粒径分布与显微检测分析,并对污泥含砂特性进行了深入探讨,结果表明,各污水处理厂污泥含砂主要为淡黄色硅质无机砂质颗粒和黑色磁性无机砂质颗粒,各污水处理厂污泥含砂属性主要与污水处理厂服务区域的地理环境以及进水性质有关。     

电解锰阳极泥特性及除铅初步研究

以电解锰阳极泥作为研究对象,采用X射线能谱法和微波消解——火焰原子吸收法分别测定电解锰阳极泥主要含有Mn、Pb、Fe、Ca、Cr、K、Se等金属元素及其含量,并且按水平振荡法、硫酸硝酸法和醋酸缓冲溶液法三种方法对电解锰阳极泥进行浸出毒性实验,结果显示,浸取液中Se和Pb含量均超过浸出毒性标准限值。此外,对经水洗、湿磨和烘干后的电解锰阳极泥样品进行了热重分析。结果表明:在550℃以后发生的分解反应,同时其晶型结构也发生了改变;650℃之后,热重曲线趋于平缓,晶体结构比较稳定。最后,探索了电解锰阳极泥除铅的工艺路线,通过正交实验确定了最优除铅条件,最优条件下所制备样品结晶度高,且Mn2O3含量为96.7%以上。     

煤制取天然气全生命周期评价分析

利用全生命周期评价(LCA)方法,对某日产1 200万m3煤制天然气(SNG)项目进行分析,计算出每生产1 000 m3天然气需消耗2 435.71 kg标煤,34.44 kg油和0.62 kg天然气,总资源耗竭系数26.34 mPR90,总环境影响潜值为1.96 PET2010。此项目整个生命周期对全球变暖的影响最大,对粉尘的影响最小,说明SNG项目对局地性的环境影响相对全球性和区域性较小。     

公路建设项目环境影响评价须重点关注问题研究

针对公路建设对环境造成的影响,总结归纳介绍了相应的环境保护及防治措施和公众参与要点。     

River environmental decision support system development for Suzhou Creek in Shanghai

The Suzhou Creek Rehabilitation Project (SCRP) is one of the largest water-related environmental rehabilitation schemes ever undertaken in the vicinity of Shanghai, China. This paper details the development and application of a River Environmental Decision Support System (REDSS) for scientific planning and decision-making on the Suzhou Creek project, and illustrates the flexibility of the REDSS framework. We developed the following components: (1) a GIS-based analysis employing Component technology; (2) a "data mart" for multi-dimensional, multi-level, integrated, dynamic, and flexible data querying; and (3) a set of hydrodynamic and water quality models which can simulate complex tidal river networks. In addition, we detail how a water quality assessment model is embedded into the REDSS by employing an Identification Index Method. With the REDSS, all GIS and non-GIS components are integrated seamlessly and data from different sources can be queried simultaneously. This allows for various scenarios to be simulated and analyzed in advance to predict and assess the effects of proposed engineering and management measures. Generated information can thus support effective decisions. All operations of the REDSS can be implemented conveniently through user-friendly interfaces. The function of the REDSS framework is demonstrated through an application to Suzhou Creek. Because the REDSS characteristics are quite general, it may be applied in different geographic regions.     

锌对淡水生物的毒性特征与水质基准的研究

锌是生命体必需的一种微量元素,但当锌的浓度超过一定剂量时,又会对生物体产生一定的毒害作用.为了系统研究锌对水生生物的毒性作用,亟需开展锌的水质基准研究工作.本文用物种敏感度分布法对锌的毒性特征开展了深入研究,并按照水质基准常用的几种方法,包括评价因子法、毒性百分数排序法和物种敏感度分布法分别推导了我国锌的保护淡水水生生...     

Utilization of high-volume mine tailing and by-products in composite binder production: hardened properties and sustainable development

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study was designed to investigate the hardened performance of the paste specimens produced using a composite binder with high volumes of mine...     

新导则下天然气输气管道项目大气环境影响评价

文章按照HJ 2.2—2018《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》要求,以某天然气输气管道项目为实例,对大气环境影响评价工作进行了梳理。首先利用AERSCREEN模型估算出各主要污染物的最大浓度占标率P_max,并以此判定评价等级和评价范围;其次进行环境质量现状调查、污染源调查及污染物排放量核算;最后提出环境监测计划。