Effect of the chlortetracycline addition method on methane production from the anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater

Effects of antibiotic residues on methane production in anaerobic digestion are commonly studied using the following two antibiotic addition methods：（1） adding manure from animals that consume a diet containing antibiotics, and（2） adding antibiotic-free animal manure spiked with antibiotics. This study used chlortetracycline（CTC） as a model antibiotic to examine the effects of the antibiotic addition method on methane production in anaerobic digestion under two different swine wastewater concentrations（0.55 and 0.22 mg CTC/g dry manure）. The results showed that CTC degradation rate in which manure was directly added at 0.55 mg CTC/g（HSPIKE treatment） was lower than the control values and the rest of the treatment groups. Methane production from the HSPIKEtreatment was reduced（p 〈 0.05） by 12% during the whole experimental period and 15% during the first 7 days. The treatments had no significant effect on the pH and chemical oxygen demand value of the digesters, and the total nitrogen of the0.55 mg CTC/kg manure collected from mediated swine was significantly higher than the other values. Therefore, different methane production under different antibiotic addition methods might be explained by the microbial activity and the concentrations of antibiotic intermediate products and metabolites. Because the primary entry route of veterinary antibiotics into an anaerobic digester is by contaminated animal manure, the most appropriate method for studying antibiotic residue effects on methane production may be using manure from animals that are given a particular antibiotic, rather than adding the antibiotic directly to the anaerobic digester.     

福建省环保投资对工业废水污染控制的影响分析

依据福建省2006-2011年环保投资的相关统计数据,对水污染治理投资和工业废水污染控制的关系进行深入分析,结果表明单位GDP水污染治理投资与工业废水排放量之间呈负相关。并指出福建省环境污染治理投资总量不足,单位GDP水污染治理投资比例偏低等问题,并针对这些问题提出应制定水污染治理投资规划,发展生态生产力并实施过程治理投资,使水污染得到真正有效的控制。     

SBA-15表面修饰及其对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附行为

以3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷为修饰剂,利用修饰方法,制备出氨基修饰SBA-15,并命名为N-SBA-15。采用XRD、FT-IR、N2吸附-脱附对样品进行表征,批量实验研究吸附剂对水中Cu2+的吸附性能,动力学实验数据采用拟一阶动力学方程、拟二阶动力学方程和内扩散方程进行分析。研究结果表明:N-SBA-15对Cu2+的吸附遵循液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散机理,且整个吸附过程更符合拟二阶动力学方程,45℃时Cu2+的最大吸附量达到0.812 mmol/g。Langmuir等温模型可较好地描述Cu2+在N-SBA-15上的吸附行为。热力学研究表明该吸附过程是一个自发、吸热过程,高温有利于吸附。     

Toluene decomposition performance and NOx by-product formation during a DBD-catalyst process

Characteristics of toluene decomposition and formation of nitrogen oxide(NOx) by-products were investigated in a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) reactor with/without catalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Four kinds of metal oxides, i.e., manganese oxide(Mn Ox), iron oxide(Fe Ox), cobalt oxide(Co Ox) and copper oxide(Cu O), supported on Al2O3/nickel foam, were used as catalysts. It was found that introducing catalysts could improve toluene removal efficiency, promote decomposition of by-product ozone and enhance CO2 selectivity. In addition, NOx was suppressed with the decrease of specific energy density(SED) and the increase of humidity, gas flow rate and toluene concentration, or catalyst introduction. Among the four kinds of catalysts, the Cu O catalyst showed the best performance in NOx suppression. The Mn Ox catalyst exhibited the lowest concentration of O3 and highest CO2 selectivity but the highest concentration of NOx. A possible pathway for NOx production in DBD was discussed. The contributions of oxygen active species and hydroxyl radicals are dominant in NOx suppression.     

基于CVM的城市环境价值评价研究——以中国34个城市为例

随着城市经济的增长,人们生活水平的提高,城市环境也受到了严重的破坏。近些年来,区域环境事件层出不穷,城市环境问题越来越受到社会各界的关注。对城市环境价值进行评价,可以反映城市环境管理的公众参与度,有利于生态文明城市的建设。文章运用条件价值评估法(CVM)对中国各大城市进行了支付意愿的计算,量化并对比分析了各大城市居民的环境支付意愿,最后给出了城市环境管理中公众参与的一些建议。     

电锅炉技术及其应用对环境影响的分析研究

针对电锅炉技术及其应用对环境影响,以绿色电力能源代替煤、油、气等常规化石能源,减少因化石能源在城镇人群聚集区终端使用造成"雾霾"类大气污染,已经成为一种新的发展趋势.本文系统分析了电锅炉的常用技术,分别阐述了不同种类电锅炉的技术原理、技术特点、工艺流程、应用领域,并通过实际应用案例,分析了电锅炉技术推广应用对城镇人口聚集区环境污染改善的效果,最后提出电锅炉技术的应用建议,为推行电锅炉技术选型提供依据,保证绿色环境的生成.     

Effect of deposit age on adsorption and desorption behaviors of ammonia nitrogen on municipal solid waste

Ammonia nitrogen pollution control is an urgent issue of landfill. This research aims to select an optimal refuse for ammonia nitrogen removal in landfill from the point of view of adsorption and desorption behavior. MSW (municipal solid waste) samples which deposit ages were in the range of 5 to 15 years (named as R₁₅, R₁₁, R₇, and R₅) were collected from real landfill site. The ammonia nitrogen adsorption behaviors of MSW including equilibrium time, adsorption isotherms, and desorption behaviors including equilibrium time were determined. Furthermore, the effects of pH, OM, Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) on adsorption and desorption behavior of ammonia nitrogen were conducted by orthogonal experiment. The equilibrium time of ammonia nitrogen adsorption by each tested MSW was very short, i.e., 20 min, whereas desorption process needed 24 h and the ammonia nitrogen released from refuses was much lesser than that adsorbed, i.e., accounted for 3.20 % (R₁₅), 14.32 % (R₁₁), 20.59 % (R₇), and 20.50 % (R₅) of each adsorption quantity, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity estimated from Langmuir isotherm appeared in R₁₅-KCl, i.e., 25,000 mg kg^?1. The best condition for ammonia nitrogen removal from leachate was pH >7.5, OM 23.58 %, Cu(II) <5 mg L^?1, Zn(II) <10 mg L^?1, and Pb(II) <1 mg L^?1. Ammonia nitrogen in landfill leachate could be quickly and largely absorbed by MSW but slowly and infrequently released. The refuse deposited for 15 years could be a suitable material for ammonia nitrogen removal.     

Biodegradability of Polyurethane Foam from Liquefied Wood Based Polyols

Polyurethane foam (PUF) was prepared from liquefied wood with polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate by one-shot method, with organosilicon as surfactant, water as blowing agent and stannous octoate and triethylene diamine as co-catalyst. The biodegradability of the PUF was studied by soil burial for a period of 12 months. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) study, morphological observation and percent weight loss were used to discuss the biodegradability of polyurethane foam from liquefied wood. The FT-IR analyses showed that the PUF had biodegraded via oxidation of the ether soft segment or degradation of wood components. The weight loss rate showed that the addition of liquefied wood could accelerate the degradation of PUF.     

摩托车污染控制催化转化器的试验研究

本文介绍了摩托车排气净化催化转化器的研究情况 ,包括催化剂的研制及转化器的结构设计 ,经过实验室模拟尾气活性评价、转鼓台架检测、实车试验 ,证明所研制的催化转化器具有较好的催化活性和实用性。同时讨论了催化转化器与二冲程、四冲程摩托车匹配的问题。