基于案例推理的突发性环境污染事件应急预案系统

在分析了突发性环境污染事件应急需求的基础上,将基于案例推理(CBR)的人工智能技术引入到突发性环境污染事件应急预案系统(CBR-EERPS)的设计中,设计了CBR-EERPS系统的结构和功能模块,提出了基于框架的案例表示方法和基于HEOM的相似性度量方法,并对案例的适配方法、案例库学习、案例库管理进行了构思和探讨,最后阐述了该系统的运行和工作流程.     

盐度变化对SBR中硝化作用的动态影响研究

针对含氨氮废水,研究了逐步提高盐度（以氯离子浓度计）驯化活性污泥过程、淡水活性污泥受到一定盐度冲击过程以及经过30 000 mg Cl/L驯化后的活性污泥在盐度波动时对SBR反应器中亚硝化和硝酸化过程的影响。研究结果表明:在逐步提高盐度驯化的过程中,NH⁺₄-N的降解速率在盐度提高为15 000 mg Cl/L时先降低后升高,当盐度为25 000 mg Cl/L时,反应周期末有大量的NO^-₂-N累积,当盐度高达30 000 mg Cl/L时, NH⁺₄N的降解速率仍然维持在一定水平,这说明硝酸化过程比亚硝化过程更容易受到高盐度的抑制。而在冲击实验中,当淡水活性污泥受到20 000 mg Cl/L盐度冲击时,即使经过长时间的驯化后亚硝化过程仍然受到较大的抑制,且反应周期末有大量NO^-₂-N累积,当受到30 000 mg Cl/L盐度冲击时硝化作用几乎完全被抑制。经过30 000 mg Cl/L驯化后的活性污泥的硝化作用对盐度波动具有较强的适应性。     

纳米铁去除水中硝酸盐的动力学研究

实验中采用了液相还原法制备新型吸附剂纳米铁。在纳米铁低投放量的条件下,采用间歇实验,分别从初始硝酸盐浓度、溶液pH值和温度的不同外界条件下研究了纳米铁对硝酸盐的去除情况。实验结果表明,硝酸盐初始浓度对反应速率有影响,但对去除率影响不大;溶液pH值为2.0时纳米铁对硝酸盐的去除效果最好;随着温度的升高,纳米铁对硝酸盐的去除率有所增加。以t时刻已反应掉的硝酸盐浓度为切入点,提出拟二级动力学方程。进而确定不同温度下的反应速率常数k。实验中k在50℃时最大,为0.014 mg/（L·min）。反应活化能Ea为17.18 kJ/mol,该反应以质量传递为控制因素。溶液中性条件下硝酸盐氮的还原产物为氨氮。     

有机废弃物氢发酵制备生物氢气的研究

在批式培养实验中以有机废弃物为原料,通过厌氧生物发酵制备生物氢气研究了菌种来源、有机废弃物种类对产氢能力的影响,以及生物氢发酵过程中液相组成的变化以活性污泥为菌种来源,以淀粉为底物,在30L改进的UASB反应器中进行了放大实验,生物气中氢气浓度达40%～51%,CO₂浓度为49%～60%,且没有检测到甲烷气体,生物气经碱液吸收后氢气纯度大于97%持续产氢时间超过120d.     

基于人工神经网络的工作面煤与瓦斯突出预测方法

在全面分析了煤与瓦斯突出影响因素的基础上，提出了煤与瓦斯突出预测的人工神经网络模型，介绍了突出特征指标的选取及表示方法与推理过程，实例分析表明，模型精度很高，可用于工作面煤与瓦斯突出预测。     

Removal of heavy metals and arsenic from a co-contaminated soil by sieving combined with washing process

Batch experiments were conducted with a heavy metals and arsenic co-contaminated soil from an abandoned mine to evaluate the feasibility of a remediation technology that combines sieving with soil washing.Leaching of the arsenic and heavy metals from the different particle size fractions was found to decrease in the order: 0.1,2–0.1,and 2 mm.With increased contact time,the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate was significantly decreased for small particles,probably because of adsorption by the clay soil component.For the different particle sizes,the removal efficiencies for Pb and Cd were75%–87%,and 61%–77% for Zn and Cu,although the extent of removal was decreased for As and Cr at 45%.The highest efficiency by washing for Pb,Cd,Zn,and As was from the soil particles 2 mm,although good metal removal efficiencies were also achieved in the small particle size fractions.Through SEM-EDS observations and correlation analysis,the leaching regularity of the heavy metals and arsenic was found to be closely related to Fe,Mn,and Ca contents of the soil fractions.The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil by sieving combined with soil washing was proven to be efficient,and practical remediation parameters were also recommended.     

碳氢燃料泄漏火灾火焰热辐射强度估算

介绍了一种关于碳氢燃料泄漏火灾火焰热辐射强度的估算方法,并运用具体实例进行了验证。同时,还提出了一定强度的火焰热辐射造成对人伤害所需时间的计算方法。     

钠-钙双碱法工艺在高温焦炉烟气脱硫中的应用

介绍了双碱法脱硫工艺在焦化厂的应用,简单论述了现有脱硫方法各自优劣及双碱法脱硫工艺原理,并结合双碱法在焦化厂的实际应用情况,总结了其应用效果及跟踪分析了存在的一些问题。     

胶州湾表层水体中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征和生态风险

以胶州湾为研究区域,选取15种常用邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalate esters,PAEs）作为检测目标,采用搅拌棒吸附萃取-气相色谱质谱联用的方法,于2015年8月和11月以及2016年1月对胶州湾开展3次大面积调查,检测分析了胶州湾表层水体中PAEs的含量、组成、空间分布和季节变化,同时对胶州湾水体中PAEs进行了风险评价.结果表明：①2015年8月和11月、2016年1月胶州湾表层海水中PAEs的总浓度范围分别为3.63~21.20、2.24~12.60和0.01~4.15μg·L^-1,平均浓度分别为11.10、5.26和0.80 μg·L^-1.②受入海径流和洋流影响,胶州湾表层水体中PAEs浓度表现出近岸高,远岸低,且总体东岸浓度高于西岸.与国内外其他研究相比,胶州湾表层水体中PAEs含量处于中等水平,但在海洋中属于污染较严重的海域.33个季节PAEs浓度分布差异较大,受降雨量等因素影响整体呈现夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季的趋势,③个季节主要检出种类均为DBP、BBP和DEHP.④生态风险评估结果表明,胶州湾各站位DBP的风险商值（RQ）均大于1,即生态风险较大,其他PAEs（RQ<1）风险较小.PAEs已成为胶州湾中一类具有潜在威胁的有机污染物,其在环境中的行为和生态危害仍需进一步研究.     

Influence of physiological and environmental factors on the diurnal variation in emissions of biogenic volatile compounds from Pinus tabuliformis

Biological volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) have a large influence on atmospheric environmental quality, climate change and the carbon cycle. This study assesses the composition and diurnal variation in emission rates of BVOCs from Pinus tabuliformis, using an enclosure technique. Environmental parameters(temperature and light intensity) and physiological parameters(net photosynthetic rate, P_n; stomatal conductance, g_s; intercellular CO_2 concentration, C_i; and transpiration rate, T_r) that may affect emission behavior were continuously monitored. The 10 most abundant compound groups emitted by P. tabuliformis were classified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The dominant monoterpenoid compounds emitted were α-pinene, β-myrcene, α-farnesene and limonene. The diurnal emission rate of BVOCs changed with temperature and light intensity, with dynamic analysis of BVOCs emissions revealing that their emission rates were more affected by temperature than light. The variation in monoterpene emission rates was consistent with estimates of P_n, g_s and T_r. Basal emission rates(at 30 °C,) of the main BVOCs ranged from 0.006 to 0.273 μg~(-1)/(hr g),while the basal ER standardization coefficients ranged from 0.049 to 0.144 °C~(-1). Overall, these results provide a detailed reference for the effective selection and configuration of tree species to effectively prevent and control atmospheric pollution.