中国癌症与土壤环境中化学元素的相关性研究

利用土壤元素数据2069448个，癌死亡调查资料787080例，研究了胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌死亡与人群生存的土壤环境中64个元素的相关性。得出了这些癌症死亡率与哪些元素呈正、负相关的统计结果。     

Unusual uranium biomineralization induced by green algae: Behavior investigation and mechanism probe

As a biosorbent, algae are frequently used for the biotreatment or bioremediation of water contaminated by heavy metal or radionuclides. However, it is unclear that whether or not the biomineralization of these metal or radionuclides can be induced by algae in the process of bioremediation and what the mechanism is. In this work, Ankistrodsemus sp. has been used to treat the uranium-contaminated water, and more than 98% of uranium in the solution can be removed by the alga, when the initial uranium concentration ranges from 10 to 80 mg/L. Especially, an unusual phenomenon of algae-induced uranium biomineralization has been found in the process of uranium bioremediation and its mineralization mechanism has been explored by multiple approaches. It is worth noticing that the biomineralization of uranium induced by Ankistrodsemus sp. is significantly affected by contact time and pH. Uranium is captured rapidly on the cell surface via complexation with the carboxylate radical, amino and amide groups of the microalgae cells, which provides nucleation sites for the precipitation of insoluble minerals. Uranium stimulates Ankistrodsemus sp. to metabolize potassium ions (K⁺), which may endow algae with the ability to biomineralize uranium into the rose-like compreignacite (K₂[(UO₂)₆O₄(OH)₆]•8H₂O). As the time increased, the amorphous gradually converted into compreignacite crystals and a large number of crystals would expand over both inside and outside the cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigated microalgae with a time-dependent uranium biomineralization ability and superior tolerance to uranium. This work validates that Ankistrodsemus sp. is a promising alga for the treatment of uranium-contaminated wastewater.     

三峡库区沿江堆存垃圾浸泡污染物COD溶出规律研究

三峡库区沿江两岸堆存了大量的生活垃圾，随着三峡工程二期蓄水的I临近，二期水位以下的垃圾必须得到清理。为了科学有效的治理库区的生活垃圾，达到环境效益，社会效益和经济效益三者的最优结合，本文通过浸泡生活垃圾污染负荷浸出理论分析和动态冲刷实验研究，建立了理论模型和实验模型，并且对二者进行了对比分析。结果表明实验和理论模型能较好的反映垃圾污染物的溶出规律，将为三峡库区库底生活垃圾对水环境的影响预测和其清理提供基础和决策依据。     

取代芳烃对酵母菌毒性的定量结构－活性相关研究

定量测定了苯胺类、苯甲酸类、卤代苯类、苯腈类、硝基苯类、苯酚类等６类化合物对酵母菌的生长抑制毒性，结果表明化合物的最小产生清晰抑菌圈浓度Ｃｍｉｚ与辛醇－水分配系数及一阶分子连接性价指数有如下关系：ｌｏｇ（１／Ｃｍｉｚ）＝０．３８ｌｏｇＫｏｗ＋０．３３＾１Ｘ＾ｖ－０．３８ ｒ＝０．９２ ｓ＝０．２２ ｎ＝７７。在上述６类取代苯类化合物中，它们与酵母菌的反应性大小有如下顺序：卤代苯类≈苯甲酸类〈苯胺类     

我国企业推行OSHMS的难点分析及对策

企业建立职业安全健康管理体系（OSHMS），对提高其安全管理水平有着重要的作用和意义。但是，目前在我国企业推行之一体系的进程并不理想。本文分析了我国企业在推行这一体系时所面临的困难及其原因，并给出了相应的解决办法。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰综合利用研究进展

焚烧处理是解决日益增长生活垃圾的有效方法。垃圾焚烧产生的飞灰因含有大量的重金属等污染物而属危险废物 ,目前常采用的处理方法是填埋。本文就垃圾飞灰的综合利用研究现状进行了论述。从环境和技术的角度看 ,垃圾飞灰的预处理、水泥固化和玻璃化是目前飞灰综合利用的主要研究方向     

Photodegradation of humic acids in the presence of hydrogen peroxide

A batch photoreactor was used to evaluate the UV/H2O2 oxidation process for the removal of humic acids in water. A 450-W UV lamp with high-pressure mercury vapor was employed as the light source. The residues of humic acids and hydrogen peroxide were measured for assessment of process performance and understanding of process reaction behavior. The UV photolysis alone can play an important role in the degradation of humic acids. The presence of hydrogen peroxide was found to promote the degradation efficiency. However, excessive dosage of H2O2 does not further improve the degradation of humic acids. On the contrary, the lower the H2O2 dosage the higher the amount of humic acids which can be removed. Aeration with air does not favor the removal efficiency of humic acids as the oxidation lasts for a sufficiently long time. The presence of carbonate species deteriorates the humic acids' removal, whereas it results in a larger amount of H2O2 decomposition.     

软土地基上生活垃圾卫生填埋场的岩土工程问题与对策

生活垃圾卫生填埋场是处理固体废弃物的有效方法之一.尽管国内外学者对与垃圾填埋场相关的许多问题已经做了大量的研究工作,但是对软土地基上填埋场可能引起的一些岩土工程问题研究不多.针对软土地基上的填埋场,分析了填埋场在建设与运营过程将会遇到的若干岩土工程问题.针对填埋场的沉降、稳定性等问题,提出了将垃圾荷载看作变量对地基沉降进行计算和设计.考虑垃圾体的稳定性,分析由于地基破坏而引起的整体稳定性问题和变形引起的衬里系统的内部稳定性问题,研究地基处理的可行性和适应性,并加强填埋过程中的岩土工程监测工作.     

Towards a control model for the highly cybernetic farming ecosystems

A dynamic model based on the linear systems theory is developed in designing a highly cybernetic farming strategy to efficiently manage residuals generated in farm ecosystems. A linear cybemetic model would be used to describe the dynamic behavior of resource flow in the farm ecosystem in which the state variables are resource quantities, and the control variables are residual quantities. The controlled process is defined as the controlled management strategy change. Cybemetic mechanism shows the application of residuals as control measures have determinate effects on the controlled process as along as the farming system is observable and controllable in the control sense. To illustrate the model algorithm the idea is applied to simulate the dynamic response of residual phosphorus concentrations in an integrated pig/corn farming system located in the south Taiwan region. General results show that the residual phosphorous concentration is influenced by farming activities which are controlled by a system of gross input and net output parameters. This paper demonstrates using input-output analysis technique that residuals generated in the farming system is the most important cybemetic variable,     

四川黑热病与自然环境的关系探讨

本文根据对黑热病流行区的现场调查，初步分析了黑热病及其传播媒介白蛉与自然地理、植被状况的关系，为该病的防治提供科学依据。