三台县建筑物室内天然本底辐射水平及其所致居民剂量的研究

本文对三台县建筑物室内天然本底辐射水平进行了调查,其结果:为(10.97±1.98)×10~(-8)GY·h~(-1),室内天然本底辐射剂量因建筑材料不同而差别有高度显著性(P<0.01),主体建筑和地雨材料相同,其γ辐射剂量率不同楼层存在差别亦有高度显著性(P<0.01);居民个人年有效剂量当量0.54mSV,集体年有效剂量当量为7.39×10~2人·SV。     

湘中某工业区农田重金属污染的初步研究

通过2年的定点调查,研究了湘中某工业区附近农田土壤、糙米中重金属含量状况;并对重金属在水稻植株中的含量分布,以及影响糙米中重金属含量的土壤因素进行了探讨。     

宜宾市城市垃圾无害化处理环境卫生调查与评价

本文介绍了宜宾市城市垃圾无害化处理的环境卫生调查与评价。     

电解催化降解苯胺过程的减秩因子法分析

本文用减秩分析法（RAFA）处理电解催化降解苯胺过程中的动力学谱-光谱组成的两维数据，分析结果表明，当以反应速率常数为优化对象，以消去反应物的信息作为减秩手段时，RAFA可以获得两个最优解，分别对应于两步速率常数（分别为0.0437和和0.0175min^-1)，在获得动力学参数的前提下，利用最小二乘回归法可解出包括中间体在内的各组分的吸收光谱，结果还发现七胺降解过程中有一种表现中间体存在，降解过程符合两步一级反应模型。     

The Effects of Gas Flow Rate and the Interval Time of Water Supplement on Ethanol Production of Rice Straw by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation

In the present work, characteristics of ethanol production from a single particle composing of pretreated rice straw, cellulase, and β-glucosidase were invesitgated by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The experiment experienced a start-up stage for S. cerevisiae biofilm formation, which was operated at an initial pH value of 4.8 for yeast solution, culture temperature of 30°C, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min for yeast solution, and stably operating stage for ethanol production at a culture temperature of 30°C. Investigations found that the maximal ethanol yield of 9.7 mg/g and the biofilm thickness of 0.37 mm were obtained at 30 mL/min of carrier gas flow rate. Also, the optimal interval time of water supplement was 4 h for SSF. The results show that the appropriate gas flow rate and the interval time of water supplement can keep the high activities of biofilm and enzymes during SSF and result in a high ethanol yield.     

废旧电路板破碎机设计研究

电路板因为具有韧性高、多组分的特性,在处理过程中不易被破碎。辊式破碎机具有结构简单、工作可靠、能耗低等特点,可用于废旧电路板的粗碎环节。该类辊式破碎机主要由电机、减速器、轴、齿辊、齿轮等组成,齿盘的齿牙形状、尺寸、排列可按电路板物料性质进行设计。首先通过设计计算并使用UG NX软件建立虚拟样机,分析了片状物料在破碎中受力情况;再使用Nastran模块对辊式破碎机的重要部件齿盘进行有限元分析,得出齿盘上承受载荷比较大的位置并对此提出了强化措施。     

Towards a control model for the highly cybernetic farming ecosystems

Abstract

A dynamic model based on the linear systems theory is developed in designing a highly cybernetic farming strategy to efficiently manage residuals generated in farm ecosystems. A linear cybernetic model would be used to describe the dynamic behavior of resource flow in the farm ecosystem in which the state variables are resource quantities, and the control variables are residual quantities. The controlled process is defined as the controlled management strategy change. Cybernetic mechanism shows the application of residuals as control measures have determinate effects on the controlled process as along as the farming system is observable and controllable in the control sense. To illustrate the model algorithm the idea is applied to simulate the dynamic response of residual phosphorus concentrations in an integrated pig/corn farming system located in the south Taiwan region. General results show that the residual phosphorous concentration is influenced by farming activities which are controlled by a system of gross input and net output parameters. This paper demonstrates using input‐output analysis technique that residuals generated in the farming system is the most important cybernetic variable, so that the proper management of residuals alone has the potential to maintain future productivity and sustainability.     

Use of scalp hair as indicator of human exposure to heavy metals in an electronic waste recycling area

Scalp hair samples were collected at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area and analyzed for trace elements and heavy metals. Elevated levels were found for Cu and Pb with geometric means (GMs) at 39.8 and 49.5 μg/g, and the levels of all elements were found in the rank order Pb > Cu ? Mn > Ba > Cr > Ni > Cd > As > V. Besides Cu and Pb, Cd (GM: 0.518 μg/g) was also found to be significantly higher compared to that in hair samples from control areas. Differences with age, gender, residence status and villages could be distinguished for most of the elements. The high levels of Cd, Cu and Pb were likely found to be originated from e-waste related activities, and specific sources were discussed. This study shows that human scalp hair could be a useful biomarker to assess the extent of heavy metal exposure to workers and residents in areas with intensive e-waste recycling activities.     

1999年11月29日辽宁省海城-岫岩5.6级地震震害统计和损失评估

在海城－岫岩５．６级地震中,震中区遭受到７度地震破坏,同时震区又遭受多次强余震,总直接经济损失８４８８．８万元,１６２９户房屋发生严重研究,５７３４人无家可归,由于震前进行了成功的预报,无人员伤亡发生。本次地震震区为农村,其中农村砖房大多数为基本完好和轻微破坏,而大量的石砌房屋则破坏较生,在重建家园中应采取必要的抗震措施。