复合人工湿地对水源地库区水质净化效果分析

宁波皎口水库是水源地,皎口复合人工湿地位于皎口水库的进水口,采用多种水流方式复合,对提高水库水质及保障饮用水安全具有积极的作用。为了探明人工湿地在微污染地区的应用价值,对人工湿地水源地水质净化效能进行了研究。在1年的监测调查调查中,研究探讨了复合人工湿地及其不同模块在不同季节的净化效果。结果表明,该人工湿地对总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别可达到为34.7%和42.6%,对COD和TOC的平均去除率可达到28.5%和21.6%。COD、NH₄⁺-N和总磷出水平均浓度分别为2.193、0.215和0.021 mg/L,均达到 《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）Ⅱ类水质标准。在比较不同模块去除效果方面,提出了具有填料的生态滤池更有利于磷的去除,而对于氮、有机物等营养元素,复合多级强化生物膜系统及营养盐集约式植物资源化系统则有较好的去除效果。     

Citrobacter sp.CK3对活性红KN-3B的脱色反应动力学研究

采用脱色菌Citrobacter sp. CK3,以活性红KN-3B染料为处理对象,在厌氧批式反应条件下,系统考察了pH值,温度和染料浓度对脱色反应速度的影响;通过动力学模拟及反应过程中染料的UV-Vis扫描图分析,探讨了脱色反应机理。结果表明:Citrobacter sp. CK3对活性红KN-3B的脱色反应的适宜pH为7～9;脱色反应速度在温度为32℃时达到最大。染料初浓度从57 mg/L逐渐增大到458 mg/L时脱色率逐渐降低。脱色过程中染料的偶氮键发生断裂,脱色反应符合二级反应动力学。     

Identification of pollution of Tapeng Lagoon from neighbouring rivers using multivariate statistical method

This work investigated water samples collected from Tapeng Lagoon and three neighbouring rivers (the Kaoping River, Tungkang River and Lingbeng River) in Taiwan, Republic of China. Canonical discriminant analysis was applied to identify the source of pollution in neighbouring rivers outside Tapeng Lagoon. The two constructed discriminant functions showed a marked contribution to all discriminant variables, and the total nitrogen, algae, dissolved oxygen and total phosphate were combined as the nutrient effect factor. The recognition capacities of the two discriminant functions were 95.6% and 4.4%, respectively. The water quality in the Kaoping River most strongly controlled the water quality in Tapeng Lagoon. Disassembling the oyster frames and fishery boxes had improved the water quality markedly. The methodology and results provide useful information concerning watershed management and may be applicable to other basins with similar properties that are experiencing similar coastal environmental issues.     

Partitioning of aromatic and oxygenated constituents into water from regular and ethanol-blended gasolines

Variability in gasoline-water partitioning of major aromatic constituents (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX)) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were examined for regular and ethanol-blended gasolines. By use of a two-phase liquid-liquid equilibrium model, the distribution of nonpolar solutes between fuel phase and water was related to principles of equilibrium. The models derived using Raoult's law convention for activity coefficients and liquid solubility is presented. The observed inverse log-log linear dependence of K_fw values on aqueous solubility, could be well predicted by assuming gasoline to be an ideal solvent mixture. Oxygenated additives (i.e., ethanol and MTBE), in the low percent range (below 5%), were shown to have minimal or negligible cosolvent effects on hydrocarbon partitioning. In the case of high fuel-to-water ratio (e.g., 1:1) or near contaminant source zone, the cosolvent effect of oxygenated gasoline with high content of ethanol (e.g., E85) will be environmentally significant.     

Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from thermal pre-treatment of waste hydrodesulfurization catalysts

Despite increasing environmental concerns and stringent limitations on the sulfur content in fuels, many waste hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts containing Co, Mo, Ni and V are generated in the petroleum refining process. To recover valuable metals in the waste HDS catalysts via hydrometallurgy, thermal treatment is usually performed first to remove contaminants (residual oil, carbon and sulfur) present on the surface of catalysts. In this study, the mass partitions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different media (aqueous, particulate and gaseous) were quantified in order to determine the efficiency of three different air pollution control devices, cooling unit, filter and glass cartridge, on PAH removal. An afterburner and two furnace temperatures were used to observe the effect on the PAH contents of the treated residues. Results show that total-PAH content in treated residues decreased with the pyrolysis temperature of the primary furnace, while those generated in flue gases were destroyed by the afterburner at an efficiency of approximately 95%. In addition, the thermal process converts high molecular weight PAHs to low molecular weight PAHs, and the afterburner temperature involved (1200 degrees C) was high enough to prohibit the generation of high molecular weight PAHs (HM-PAHs), leading to the domination of low molecular weight PAHs (LM-PAHs) in flue gases, while treated residues were dominated by HM-PAHs. Finally, information on metal contents and their concentrations in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure in waste HDS catalyst and thermal treated residues are examined as an index of the potential for metal recovery.     

保暖鞋鞋底保暖结构研究

本文结合鞋靴保暖功效学原理,重点研究了支撑式鞋垫和橡胶双密度胶底结构。通过实验确定了鞋底发泡层视密度的范围在0.75g/cm3～0.85g/cm3之间,发泡橡胶的拉伸和导热性能达到平衡,兼顾了保暖鞋的耐穿和防寒隔热性能。     

基于因子分析法研究太原市土壤重金属污染的主要来源

太原市土壤的研究还处于起步阶段,尚缺乏系统的研究和探讨.基于因子分析法分析研究太原市土壤重金属污染类型及污染来源,在面积性土壤测量基础上,采用城市土壤单点样采集方法,通过测试获得了城市表层土壤中重金属元素(As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu)的含量数据;应用统计数手段及处理软件,采用因子分析法对太原市土壤化探数据进行详细分析研究;结合太原市工企分布情况,对比因子分析中的六个主因子,进行整理分析;研究结果充分反映出太原市作为一个典型的重化工基地和燃煤城市的污染特点,表明太原市土壤重金属污染的主要来源有四个方面,即:工矿企业污染源,燃煤污染源,交通污染源,商业活动和居民生活污染源等.     

立体式植物修复受重金属污染农田土壤的探讨

农田土壤遭受重金属污染是江西省乐平市乐安河沿岸的重要环境问题。采用实验小区的方法,研究了乔、灌、草多层次植物对重金属污染地区土壤的修复作用。结果表明,利用木本植物和对重金属吸收较好的草本植物组成立体模式来净化污染面积较大的土壤,效果明显,简便易行,经济效益大,是治理重金属Cu、Cd复合污染的一条新途径。