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31.
Ching-Ping Liang Sheng-Wei Wang Yu-Hsuan Kao Jui-Sheng Chen 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(6):1271-1281
Residents of the Pingtung Plain, Taiwan, use groundwater for drinking. However, monitoring results showed that a considerable portion of groundwater has an As concentration higher than the safe drinking water regulation of 10 μg/L. Considering residents of the Pingtung Plain continue to use groundwater for drinking, this study attempted to evaluate the exposure and health risk from drinking groundwater. The health risk from drinking groundwater was evaluated based on the hazard quotient (HQ) and target risk (TR) established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The results showed that the 95th percentile of HQ exceeded 1 and TR was above the safe value of threshold value of 10?6. To illustrate significant variability of the drinking water consumption rate and body weight of each individual, health risk assessments were also performed using a spectrum of daily water intake rate and body weight to reasonably and conservatively assess the exposure and health risk for the specific subgroups of population of the Pingtung Plain. The assessment results showed that 0.01–7.50 % of the population’s HQ levels are higher than 1 and as much as 77.7–93.3 % of the population being in high cancer risk category and having a TR value >10?6. The TR estimation results implied that groundwater use for drinking purpose places people at risk of As exposure. The government must make great efforts to provide safe drinking water for residents of the Pingtung Plain. 相似文献
32.
Jo-Ming Tseng Tsung-Chih Wu Tung-Feng Hsieh Pei-Jane Huang Chun-Ping Lin 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(4):703-708
1,1-Di (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane (DTBPH) has been widely employed in the chemical industry. Unfortunately, organic peroxides have been involved in many serious fires and explosions in manufacturing processes, storage, and transportation. This study investigated the thermokinetic parameters by isothermal kinetic and non-isothermal-kinetic simulation, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests. DSC was applied to assess the kinetic parameters, such as kinetic model, frequency factor (ln k0), activation energy (Ea), reaction order, and heat of reaction (ΔHd). Comparisons of non-isothermal and isothermal-kinetic model simulation led to a beneficial kinetic model of thermal decomposition to predict the thermal hazard of DTBPH. Simulations of a 0.5 L Dewar vessel and 25 kg barrel commercial package in liquid thermal explosion models were performed and compared to the results in the literature. From the results, the optimal conditions for use of DTBPH to avoid violent runaway reactions during the storage and transportation were determined. This study established the features of thermal decomposition that could be executed as a reduction of energy potential and storage conditions in view of loss prevention. 相似文献
33.
pH dependence of persulfate activation by EDTA/Fe(III) for degradation of trichloroethylene 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The ability of free ferrous ion activated persulfate (S2O82−) to generate sulfate radicals (SO4−) for the oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) is limited by the scavenging of SO4− with excess Fe2+ and a quick conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+. This study investigated the applicability of ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) chelated Fe3+ in activating persulfate for the destruction of TCE in aqueous phase under pH 3, 7 and 10. Fe3+ and EDTA alone did not appreciably degrade persulfate. The presence of TCE in the EDTA/Fe3+ activated persulfate system can induce faster persulfate and EDTA degradation due to iron recycling to activate persulfate under a higher pH condition. Increasing the pH leads to increases in pseudo-first-order-rate constants for TCE, S2O82− and EDTA degradations, and Cl generation. Accordingly, the experiments at pH 10 with different EDTA/Fe3+ molar ratios indicated that a 1/1 ratio resulted in a remarkably higher degradation rate at the early stage of reaction as compared to results by other ratios. Higher persulfate dosage under the EDTA/Fe3+ molar ratio of 1/1 resulted in greater TCE degradation rates. However, increases in persulfate concentration may also lead to an increase in the rate of persulfate consumption. 相似文献
34.
Tseng ML 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,156(1-4):181-197
A municipal solid waste management (MSW) expert group was consulted in order to mirror how government officials might reach an effective solution regarding municipal solid waste management in Metro Manila. A critical issue regarding this is how the expert group can better evaluate and select a favorable MSW management solution using a series of criteria. MSW management solution selection is a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, which requires the consideration of a large number of complex criteria. A robust MCDM method should consider the interactions among these criteria. The analytic network process (ANP) is a relatively new MCDM method which can deal with all kinds of interactions systematically. The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) not only can convert the relations between cause and effect of criteria into a structural model, but also can be used as a way to handle the inner dependences within a set of criteria. Hence, this paper applies an effective solution based on a combined ANP and DEMATEL method to assist the expert group evaluating different MSW management solutions. According to the results, the best solution is for each city to have its own type of thermal process technology and resource recovery facility before landfill rather than entering a joint venture with enterprises or going into build-operate-transfer projects in order to be able to construct thermal process technologies and resource recovery facilities. 相似文献
35.
Application of fuzzy DEMATEL to develop a cause and effect model of municipal solid waste management in Metro Manila 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The municipal solid waste management (MSW) evaluation is usually evaluated in subjective and qualitative in nature described in linguistic information; it is very difficult for expert groups to express the preferences using exact numerical values. A MSW expert group is consulted in order to mirror how government officials might reach a cause-effect model regarding MSW management in Metro Manila. A critical issue regarding this is how the expert group can better evaluate the MSW management criteria in uncertainty. A cause and effect model development can help the processing of decision making problem. The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) not only can convert the relations between cause and effect of criteria into a model but also can be used as a way to handle the inner dependences within a set of criteria. The post survey is further discussed and proved the validity result. 相似文献
36.
A review and experimental verification of using chitosan and its derivatives as adsorbents for selected heavy metals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A literature survey on liquid-phase adsorption of selected heavy metals including Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II), and Cr(VI) on chitosan (CTS) and its derivatives was made from the viewpoint of adsorption capacity. This parameter was obtained from the Langmuir fit of isotherm data. The magnitude of adsorption capacity of heavy metals on pristine CTS was also used to discuss the mechanism of adsorption; that is, how many amino groups in CTS chains would coordinate with one heavy metal ion. Furthermore, a newly defined parameter, the approaching equilibrium factor RL, was proposed to quantitatively indicate the favorability of the related adsorption process and to judge the correctness of adsorption capacity determined by the Langmuir equation. 相似文献
37.
38.
Chien TW Chu H Hsu WC Tseng TK Hsu CH Chen KY 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2003,53(8):1022-1028
The continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) can monitor flue gas emissions continuously and instantaneously. However, it has the disadvantages of enormous cost, easily producing errors in sampling periods of bad weather, lagging response in variable ambient environments, and missing data in daily zero and span tests and maintenance. The concept of a predictive emission monitoring system (PEMS) is to use the operating parameters of combustion equipment through thermodynamic or statistical methods to construct a mathematic model that can predict emissions by a computer program. The goal of this study is to set up a PEMS in a gas-fired combined cycle power generation unit at the Hsinta station of Taiwan Power Co. The emissions to be monitored include nitrogen oxides (NOx) and oxygen (O2) in flue gas. The major variables of the predictive model were determined based on the combustion theory. The data of these variables then were analyzed to establish a regression model. From the regression results, the influences of these variables are discussed and the predicted values are compared with the CEMS data for accuracy. In addition, according to the cost information, the capital and operation and maintenance costs for a PEMS can be much lower than those for a CEMS. 相似文献
39.
Wey MY Lu CY Tseng HH Fu CH 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2002,52(4):449-458
Catalyst sorbents based on alumina-supported CuO, CeO2, and CuO-CeO2 were applied to a dry scrubber to clean up the SO2/HCl/NO simultaneously from pilot-scale fluidized-bed incineration flue gas. In the presence of organic compounds, CO and the submicron particles SO2 and HCI removed by the fresh catalyst sorbents and NO reduced to N2 by NH3 under the catalysis of fresh and spent desulfurization/dechloridization (DeSO2/DeHCl) catalyst sorbents (copper compounds, Cu, CuO, and CuSO4) were evaluated in this paper. The fresh and spent catalyst sorbents were characterized by the Brunner-Emmett-Teller method (BET), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the elemental analyzer (EA). The study showed that the performances of CuO, CeO2, and CuO-CeO2/gamma-Al2O3 were better than that of Ca(OH)2. The removal efficiency of SO2 and HCl was 80-95% in the dry scrubber system. Under NH3/NO = 1, NO could not be reduced to N2 because it was difficult to control the ratio of air/fuel in the flue gas. For estimating the feasibility of regenerating the spent catalyst sorbents, BET and EA analyses were used. They indicated that the pore structures were nearly maintained and a small amount of carbon accumulated on their surface. 相似文献
40.
Ming-Lang Tseng 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,161(1-4):549-564
Environmental practices in knowledge management capability (EKMC) is a complex and uncertainty concept that is difficult to determine based on a firm’s real situation because measuring EKMC requires a set of qualitative and quantitative measurement. The objective of this study is to develop a cause and effect model in uncertainty using the fuzzy set theory and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. A framework for evaluating EKMC is proposed. An approach of fuzzy linguistic is proposed to evaluate the firm EKMC. The evaluation results of EKMC obtained through the proposed approach are objective and unbiased due to two reasons. Firstly, the results are generated by a group of experts in the presence of motile attributes. Secondly, the fuzzy linguistic approach has more advantage to reduce distortion and losing of information. Through evaluating the result of EKMC, managers could judge the necessity to improve the EKMC and determine which criteria are the needed directions to improve. The managerial implication and conclusions are discussed. 相似文献