Optimization of the gradient HPLC separation of selected phthalates using the overlapping resolution mapping technique

Optimization procedures for the reversed-phase separations of six phthalates using the isoselective multisolvent gradient elution (IMGE) system are described. A systematic experimental design has been employed to gather retention data on the compounds in a mixture. The data were then fitted into a second-order polynomial equation and an overlapping resolution mapping (ORM) technique of data analysis was subsequently used to establish the optimum solvent mixture for the highest resolution of all adjacent peaks in the chromatogram.     

双酚A暴露对斑马鱼胚胎期代谢作用的影响

运用基于GC/MS的代谢组学方法,以受精卵在双酚A(BPA)中暴露4d后的斑马鱼胚胎为对象,研究了其体内挥发性和半挥发性代谢组分变化.暴露浓度设定为0,0.5,1.5,4.5mg/L,包括US EPA假定的“安全水平”(1.5mg/L).结果表明,1.5mg/L BPA暴露能使斑马鱼体内花生四烯酸和胆固醇的相对百分含量极显著降低,饱和脂肪酸、氨基酸、葡萄糖和肌糖的相对百分含量显著升高.因此,1.5mg/L BPA能干扰斑马鱼胚胎期的正常代谢.     

Application of proteomics in environmental science

Proteomics involves the separation of proteins, identification of the amino acid sequence of the interested or target proteins, study of the function of the proteins, modification, structure and ultimate assignments to functional pathways in the cell. The proteomic investigations have contributed greatly to human diseases studies, new drugs discovery researches, and environmental science in recent years. This article provides a review on the development of the main proteomic technologies, including both the gel based and non-gel based technologies, and their applications in environmental science. Proteomic technologies have been utilized in the environmental stresses studies to analyze the induction or reduction of proteins at expression level and identify the target proteins to investigate their function in response to environmental stresses, such as high or low pH, oxidation stress, and toxic chemicals. Such protein responses are also helpful to understand the mechanisms of some cellular activities and the functions of some proteins.     

Carbon dioxide electroreduction into formic acid and ethylene: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Climate change damage induced by growing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has rapidly fostered research on capturing, utilizing, and converting CO2 into valuable C1...     

Enhanced degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by biodegradation combined with a modified Fenton reaction

A study has been conducted to enhance degradation of a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by combining biodegradation with hydrogen peroxide oxidation in a former manufactured gas plant (MGP) soil. An active bacterial consortium enriched from the MGP surface soil (0-2 m) biodegraded more than 90% of PAHs including 2-, 3-, and 4-ring hydrocarbons in a model soil. The consortium was also able to transform about 50% of 4- and 5-ring hydrocarbons in the MGP soil. As a chemical oxidant, Fenton's reagent (H2O2 + Fe2+) was very efficient in the destruction of a mixture of PAHs (i.e., naphthalene (NAP), fluorene (FLU), phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (ANT), pyrene (PYR), chrysene (CHR), and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)) in the model soil; noticeably, 84.5% and 96.7% of initial PYR and BaP were degraded, respectively. In the MGP soil, the same treatment destroyed more than 80% of 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons and 20-40% of 4- and 5-ring compounds. However, the low pH requirement (pH 2-3) for optimum Fenton reaction made the process incompatible with biological treatment and posed potential hazards to the soil ecosystem where the reagent was used. In order to overcome such limitation, a modified Fenton-type reaction was performed at near neutral pH by using ferric ions and chelating agents such as catechol and gallic acid. By the combined treatment of the modified Fenton reaction and biodegradation, more than 98% of 2- or 3-ring hydrocarbons and between 70% and 85% of 4- or 5-ring compounds were degraded in the MGP soil, while maintaining its pH about 6-6.5.