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排序方式: 共有135条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
Yi-Jun Lin Min-Pei Ling Szu-Chieh Chen Wei-Yu Chen Nan-Hung Hsieh Yi-Hsien Cheng Shu-Han You Wei-Chun Chou Ming-Chao Lin Chung-Min Liao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):14616-14626
Human health risks associated with the consumption of metal-contaminated fish over extended periods have become a concern particularly in Taiwan, where fish is consumed on a large scale. This study applied the interaction-based hazard index (HI) to assess the mixture health risks for fishers and non-fishers who consume the arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) contaminated milkfish from As-contaminated coastal areas in Taiwan, taking into account joint toxic actions and potential toxic interactions. We showed that the interactions of As–Zn and Cu–Zn were antagonistic, whereas As–Cu interaction was additive. We found that HI estimates without interactions considered were 1.3–1.6 times higher than interactive HIs. Probability distributions of HI estimates for non-fishers were less than 1, whereas all 97.5%-tile HI estimates for fishers were >1. Analytical results revealed that the level of inorganic As in milkfish was the main contributor to HIs, indicating a health risk posed to consumers of fish farmed in As-contaminated areas. However, we found that Zn supplementation could significantly decrease As-induced risk of hematological effect by activating a Zn-dependent enzyme. In order to improve the accuracy of health risk due to exposure to multiple metals, further toxicological data, regular environmental monitoring, dietary survey, and refinement approaches for interactive risk assessment are warranted. 相似文献
72.
Spatial distribution and multiple sources of heavy metals in the water of Chaohu Lake,Anhui, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Li G Liu G Zhou C Chou CL Zheng L Wang J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2763-2773
In this study, a survey for the spatial distribution of heavy metals in Chaohu Lake of China was conducted. Sixty-two surface
water samples were collected from entire lake including three of its main river entrances. This is the first systematic report
concerning the content, distribution, and origin of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Hg, Zn, and Ni) in the Chaohu Lake water. The
results showed that heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni) concentrations in the estuary of Nanfei River were relatively higher
than those in the other areas, while content of Hg is higher in the southeast lake than northwest lake. Moreover, Cd has locally
concentration in the surface water from the entire Chaohu Lake. The heavy metal average concentrations, except Hg, were lower
than the cutoff values for the first-grade water quality (China Environment Quality Standard) which was set as the highest
standard to protect the social nature reserves. The Hg content is between the grades three and four water quality, and other
heavy metals contents are higher than background values. The aquatic environment of Chaohu Lake has apparently been contaminated.
Both the cluster analysis (CA) and correlation analysis provide information about the origin of heavy metals in the Lake.
Our findings indicated that agricultural activities and adjacent plants chimneys may contribute the most to Cd and Hg contamination
of Chaohu Lake, respectively. 相似文献
73.
Chung-Yih Kuo Yan-Ruei Lin Shih-Yu Chang Chuan-Yao Lin Chun-Hung Chou 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):9777-9787
Daily and hourly average data from nine air-quality monitoring stations distributed across central Taiwan, which include ten items (i.e., PM10, PM2.5, wind direction, wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, SO2, NO2, NO, and CO), were collected from 2005 to 2009. Four episode types: long-range transport with dust storms (DS), long-range transport with frontal pollution (FP), river dust (RD), and stagnant weather (SW), and one mixed type of episode were identified. Of these four episode types, the SW was the dominant type, averaging about 70 %. The mean ratio of PM2.5/PM10 was the lowest during the RD episodes (0.42), while the mean ratio of PM2.5/PM10 was the highest during the SW episodes (0.64). Fine aerosol (PM2.5) and coarse aerosol (PM10–2.5) samples were collected by high-volume samplers for chemical composition analysis, from only three stations (Douliou, Lunbei, and Siansi) during the days of SW, RD, DS, and FP. The concentrations of PM2.5 and three ionic species (NH4 +, NO3 ?, and SO4 2?) all showed significant differences among the four episode types. The highest levels of NO3 ? (12.1 μg/m3) and SO4 2? (20.5 μg/m3) were found during the SW and FP episodes, respectively. A comparison on the spatial similarity of aerosol compositions among the episodes and/or non-episodes (control) was characterized by the coefficient of divergence (CD). The results showed higher CD values in PM10–2.5 than in PM2.5, and the CD values between RD episodes and the other three episodes were higher than those between two types of episode for the other three episodes. The ratios of SOR (sulfur oxidation ratio), SO4 2?/EC (elemental carbon), NOR (nitrogen oxidation ratio), and NO3 ?/EC showed that sulfate formation was most rapid during the FP, while nitrate formation was most rapid during the SW. 相似文献
74.
Chong-Shu Zhu Cheng-Chieh Chen Jun-Ji Cao Chuen-Jinn Tsai Charles C.-K. Chou Shaw-Chen Liu Gwo-Dong Roam 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(23):2668-2673
Fine particles (PM2.5) and nanoparticles (PM0.1) were sampled using Dichotomous sampler and MOUDI, respectively, in Xueshan Tunnel, Taiwan. Eight carbon fractions were analyzed using IMPROVE thermal-optical reflectance (TOR) method. The concentrations of different temperature carbon fractions (OC1–OC4, EC1–EC3) in both PM2.5 and PM0.1 were measured and the correlations between OC and EC were discussed. Results showed that the ratios of OC/EC were 1.26 and 0.67 for PM2.5 and PM0.1, respectively. The concentration of EC1 was found to be more abundant than other elemental carbon fractions in PM2.5, while the most abundant EC fraction in PM0.1 was found to be EC2. The variation of contributions for elemental carbon fractions was different among PM2.5 and PM0.1 samples, which was partly owing to the metal catalysts for soot oxidation. The correlations between char-EC and soot-EC showed that char-EC dominated EC in PM2.5 while soot-EC dominated EC in PM0.1. Using eight individual carbon fractions, the gasoline and diesel source profiles of PM0.1 and PM2.5 were extracted and analyzed with the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method. 相似文献
75.
Ming-Shean Chou Jean-Hong Lin 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):502-508
ABSTRACT A biotrickling filter with blast-furnace slag packings (sizes = 20-40 mm and specific surface area = 120 m2/m3) was utilized to treat NO in an air stream. The operational stability, as well as the effects of gas empty-bed retention time (EBRT) and nutrient addition on the removal ability of NO, were tested. Approximately six weeks were required for the development of a biofilm for NO degradation, and a two-week organic carbon deficiency resulted in the detachment of biofilms from the packing surfaces. A steady removal rate of 80% was attained at specified influent NO concentrations of 892 to 1237 ppm and an EBRT of 118 sec. The effluent NO concentration diminished exponentially with enlarging EBRT, with influent NO concentrations of 203-898 ppm, and EBRTs of 25 to 118 sec. Nutrient addition is essential for efficient removal of the influent NO. Mass ratios of C: P: N = 7: 1: 30 and NaHCO3: NO-N = 6.3 could be used for practical applications. 相似文献
76.
Concentrations of 17 dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were measured in total diet study samples of 14 food groups of animal origin from 11 locations in Taiwan, collected in 2003. Pork meat possessed the lowest background concentration level of 0.058 pg WHO-TEQ(PCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs)/g fresh weight. The dl-PCBs contribution were 31%, 59%, 36%, 46%, and 13% for meat and meat products, muscle meat of fish, milk and dairy products, fat and oil, and egg, respectively. The estimated monthly intake (EMI) was 44.7 and 39.5 pg WHO-TEQ(PCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs)/kg b.w./month for a male and female adult weighing 64.8 kg and 56.3 kg, respectively. Muscle meat of fish contributes 46% to the mean EMI. Factors affecting the EMI, in order of increasing importance are analytical method uncertainty, sample compositional difference, and food consumption data. In addition to the continuous efforts to identify and reduce the source of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs releases into the environment and the food-chain, the practice of a healthy dietary habit, i.e., eating foods of lower TEQ levels, was suggested to effectively reduce human exposure to PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. 相似文献
77.
Shuen-Chin Chang Charles C.-K. Chou Chang-Chuan Chan Chung-Te Lee 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(8):1088-1096
This study uses monitoring data collected at the Taipei Aerosol Supersite from March 2002 to February 2008 to analyze characteristics such as seasonal fluctuations, diurnal variations, and photochemical-related variations of PM2.5 chemical compositions. The results indicate that the average of PM2.5 mass concentration in Taipei during this period is 30.3 ± 16.0 μg m?3. The highest average concentration of PM2.5 components is that of sulfate, which accounts for 21.1% of the PM2.5 mass, followed by organic carbon (OC) at 15.9%, nitrate at 5.8%, and elemental carbon (EC) at 5.4%. Concentrations of EC, OC, and nitrate have distinctive but similar seasonal fluctuations, which is highest in spring and lowest in fall. Sulfate concentration has less seasonal fluctuations, and the highest value appears during the fall. Similarly, concentrations of EC, OC, and nitrate have notable diurnal variations; however, the diurnal variation of sulfate concentration is not very apparent. These observation data show that EC, OC, and nitrate in PM2.5 in the Taipei metropolis come mainly from local emissions, while sulfate comes mainly from the regional transport of pollutants. This is likely because Taiwan is located on the lee zone of the Asian prevailing winds from fall to spring; its air quality is frequently affected by the transport of air pollutants from Mainland China. In addition, the extent of increase in aerosols is much higher than that of CO, indicating the formation of secondary aerosol when photochemical activity is strong. Based on six years of observation data, this study explores three potential scenarios to set up Taiwan's PM2.5 air quality standard (AQS). The analysis indicates that the optimum standard for 24-h air quality of PM2.5 should be around 50 μg m?3. 相似文献
78.
79.
Hsin Ta Hsueh Tzu Hsing Ko Wen Chieh Chou Wen Chi Hung Hsin Chu 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(1):79-87
We report for the first time the distribution and hazard potential of aerosol and metals resulting from joss paper burning.
Burning joss paper and incense is a traditional custom in many Oriental countries. Large amounts of air pollutants, including
particles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, toxic metals and other gaseous pollutants, are released into the environment
during the burning stage. Many investigations have reported on the emission of pollutants from the incense burning. However,
no work has been reported until now on the analysis of the released pollutants apart from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
In this study, a micro-orifice uniform-deposit impactor and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were,
respectively, used to collect aerosols and characterize the toxic metals from joss paper burning. We studied two types of
particulate matter (PM): PM2.5 that are particles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm and PM10 that are particles with a diameter smaller than 10 μm. PM2.5 are the most potentially toxic particles. Our results showed that PM2.5 are the major component of the pollutants and that the PM2.5 to PM10 ratio ranged from 62 to 99%. The metals Na, Ca, Mg, Al and K were the main species in the aerosol and in the bottom ash. 相似文献
80.
Ming-Shean Chou Shih-Lirn Wu 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):306-316
ABSTRACT Bioconversion of dimethylformamide (DMF) was studied using two sets of three-stages-in-series biofilters, one packed with inoculated pig manure and the other with coconut fiber compost-based media. The two media were different in carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio and specific area. Tests were made to compare effects of different C/N ratio and specific area on the performance of the filter and on the variation of physicochemical properties of the media for treating DMF. DMF concentration in the influent air stream was in the range of 100 to 4,500 mg/m3. The gas retention time (GRT) in the first stages of both filters was 19 to 76 sec. The volumetric loading of DMF (L) to the first stages of both filters was 3 to 97 g DMF-N/m3.h (15.6 to 506 g DMF/m3.h). Results indicated that DMF was successively hydrolyzed to ammonia and nitrified to nitrite and nitrate or incorporated into microbial cell. Inlet portions of the media subjected to high DMF or ammonia loading varied greatly in pH due to insufficient buffering capacity. The middle portions of the media subjected to moderate ammonia loading were suitable for nitrification. The coconut fiber compost media with a higher initial C/ N ratio and porosity favored the elimination of DMF. For the media, DMF-N removal efficiencies of larger than 90% were obtained with L < 50 g DMF-N/m3.h and GRT > 23 sec. The pig manure compost media with a lower initial C/N ratio favored the nitrification reaction; its maximum capacity was 8.58 g NO3 --N/m3.h. 相似文献