全文获取类型
收费全文 | 917篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 27篇 |
废物处理 | 53篇 |
环保管理 | 93篇 |
综合类 | 142篇 |
基础理论 | 204篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 304篇 |
评价与监测 | 55篇 |
社会与环境 | 58篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 36篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 29篇 |
2013年 | 93篇 |
2012年 | 47篇 |
2011年 | 73篇 |
2010年 | 56篇 |
2009年 | 55篇 |
2008年 | 66篇 |
2007年 | 53篇 |
2006年 | 47篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 7篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
1963年 | 4篇 |
1962年 | 9篇 |
1961年 | 11篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
1947年 | 1篇 |
1942年 | 1篇 |
1941年 | 2篇 |
1938年 | 1篇 |
1932年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有940条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Raymond Philippe Paul Sylvianne Perron André Bellehumeur Christian Larocque Émilie Charest Hugues 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(1):40-58
Food and Environmental Virology - Human noroviruses are among the main causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Frozen raspberries have been linked to several norovirus food-related outbreaks.... 相似文献
102.
Robyn E. Tuerena Claire Mahaffey Sian F. Henley Camille de la Vega Louisa Norman Tim Brand Tina Sanders Margot Debyser Kirstin Dhnke Judith Braun Christian Mrz 《Ambio》2022,51(2):355
Climate change is altering nutrient cycling within the Arctic Ocean, having knock-on effects to Arctic ecosystems. Primary production in the Arctic is principally nitrogen-limited, particularly in the western Pacific-dominated regions where denitrification exacerbates nitrogen loss. The nutrient status of the eastern Eurasian Arctic remains under debate. In the Barents Sea, primary production has increased by 88% since 1998. To support this rapid increase in productivity, either the standing stock of nutrients has been depleted, or the external nutrient supply has increased. Atlantic water inflow, enhanced mixing, benthic nitrogen cycling, and land–ocean interaction have the potential to alter the nutrient supply through addition, dilution or removal. Here we use new datasets from the Changing Arctic Ocean program alongside historical datasets to assess how nitrate and phosphate concentrations may be changing in response to these processes. We highlight how nutrient dynamics may continue to change, why this is important for regional and international policy-making and suggest relevant research priorities for the future.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01673-0. 相似文献
103.
Burçak Ebin Martina Petranikova Christian Ekberg 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(4):2018-2027
Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) batteries contain high amount of industrial metals, especially iron, nickel, cobalt and rare earth elements. Although the battery waste is a considerable secondary source for metal and chemical industries, a recycling process requires a suitable pretreatment method before proceeding with recovery step to reclaim all valuable elements. In this study, AA- and AAA-type spent NiMH batteries were ground and then sieved for size measurement and classification. Chemical composition of the ground battery black mass and sorted six different size fractions were determined by an analytical technique. Crystal structures of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Results show that after mechanical treatment, almost 87 wt% of the spent NiMH batteries are suitable for further recycling steps. Size classification by sieving enriched the iron content of the samples in the coarse fraction which is bigger than 0.25 mm. On the other hand, the amounts of nickel and rare earth elements increased by decreasing sample size, and concentrated in the finer fractions. Anode and cathode active materials that are hydrogen storage alloy and nickel hydroxide were mainly collected in finer size fraction of the battery black mass. 相似文献
104.
Vanesa Alzaga Paolo Tizzani Pelayo Acevedo Francisco Ruiz-Fons Joaquín Vicente Christian Gortázar 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(10):1157-1168
Deviance partitioning can provide new insights into the ecology of host-parasite interactions. We studied the host-related factors influencing parasite prevalence, abundance, and species richness in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) from northern Spain. We defined three groups of explanatory variables: host environment, host population, and individual factors. We hypothesised that parasite infection rates and species richness were determined by different host-related factors depending on the nature of the parasite (endo- or ectoparasite, direct or indirect life cycle). To assess the relative importance of these components, we used deviance partitioning, an innovative approach. The explained deviance (ED) was higher for parasite abundance models, followed by those of prevalence and then by species richness, suggesting that parasite abundance models may best describe the host factors influencing parasitization. Models for parasites with a direct life cycle yielded higher ED values than those for indirect life cycle ones. As a general trend, host individual factors explained the largest proportion of the ED, followed by host environmental factors and, finally, the interaction between host environmental and individual factors. Similar hierarchies were found for parasite prevalence, abundance, and species richness. Individual factors comprised the most relevant group of explanatory variables for both types of parasites. However, host environmental factors were also relevant in models for indirect life-cycle parasites. These findings are consistent with the idea of the host as the main habitat of the parasite; whereas, for indirect life-cycle parasites, transmission would be also modulated by environmental conditions. We suggest that parasitization can be used not only as an indicator of individual fitness but also as an indicator of environmental quality for the host. This research underlines the importance of monitoring parasite rates together with environmental, population, and host factors. 相似文献
105.
In insect societies, the presence and condition of egg-layers can be assessed with pheromones. Exocrine secretions are expected to vary in time in order to give up-to-date information on an individuals reproductive physiology. In the queenless monogynous ant Streblognathus peetersi, we allowed a previously infertile high-ranking worker to accede to the alpha rank, thus triggering the onset of her oogenesis (15 replicates). We then studied her interactions with an established egg-layer from the same colony after different durations, ranging from 20 h to several days. Even though her eggs are only ready to be laid after 30 days, the new alpha was recognised within 1–2 days. Detection occurred at a distance of a few millimetres, suggesting the involvement of a pheromone with low volatility, such as cuticular hydrocarbons. When the new alpha had differentiated for >48 h, she was attacked by the established egg-layer. In all cases, low-ranking workers eventually immobilised one of the two alphas: the new alpha was the target if she had differentiated only recently, suggesting that police workers select the dominant worker with the less fertile odour. Using the behaviour of ants as our measure, we demonstrate that a dominants olfactory signal changes rapidly with a modification in her social status, and it occurs well before the onset of egg-laying. 相似文献
106.
Christian Reichel Urte Undine Frömming Marion Glaser 《Regional Environmental Change》2009,9(4):335-343
This study analyses how the conflict potential between different stakeholder groups is affecting the ecology and economy of
the Segara Anakan region, a mangrove-fringed lagoon in central Java, Indonesia. The lagoon’s increasing sedimentation/silting
up and the area’s expanding population has led to various interest groups conflicting with one another over how the resources
of the lagoon and its surrounding area are to be utilized. Conflicts arise between occupational and ethnic groups in the lagoon’s
bordering villages in the context of a transformation from fisheries to wetland agriculture. Land and mangrove use is therefore
a cause for conflict between multiple groups, including Javanese fishermen, Sundanese farmers from Central and West Java and
external shrimp farm owners. A result of the “Segara Anakan Development Project”—an 8-year undertaking that began in 1996—is
that the lagoon was frequently dredged. Due to the dredging and resulting contamination of the land, a regional clash was
triggered between Sundanese farmers and Javanese fishers. Our study reveals that the conflict potential between the various
interest groups in the Segara Anakan Lagoon area could be reduced if the scarcity of natural resources were alleviated. Religious
aspects also play a large role in marine resource utilization. Recognizing that the human utilization of natural resources
is strongly symbolic and thereby culturally defined, we unravel the resource conflicts in our study area and offer some strategic
approaches towards more sustainable outcomes. 相似文献
107.
Christian Reichle Stefan Jarau Ingrid Aguilar Manfred Ayasse 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(5):519-524
The ability to learn food odors inside the nest and to associate them with food sources in the field is of essential importance for the recruitment of nestmates in social bees. We investigated odor learning by workers within the hive and the influence of these odors on their food choice in the field in the stingless bee Scaptotrigona pectoralis. During the experiments, recruited bees had to choose between two feeders, one with an odor that was present inside the nest during the recruitment process, and one with an unknown odor. In all experiments with different odor combinations (linalool/phenylacetaldehyde, geraniol/eugenol) a significant majority of bees visited the feeder with the odor they had experienced in their nest (χ 2-tests; p?<?0.05). By contrast, the bees showed no preference for one of two feeders when they were either baited with the same odor (linalool) or contained no odor. Our results clearly show that naïve workers of S. pectoralis can learn the odor of a food source during the recruitment process from the nest atmosphere and that their subsequent food search in the field is influenced by the learned odor. 相似文献
108.
Christian Brandstätter David Laner Roman Prantl Johann Fellner 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(12):2537-2547
Municipal solid waste landfills pose a threat on environment and human health, especially old landfills which lack facilities for collection and treatment of landfill gas and leachate. Consequently, missing information about emission flows prevent site-specific environmental risk assessments. To overcome this gap, the combination of waste sampling and analysis with statistical modeling is one option for estimating present and future emission potentials. Optimizing the tradeoff between investigation costs and reliable results requires knowledge about both: the number of samples to be taken and variables to be analyzed.This article aims to identify the optimized number of waste samples and variables in order to predict a larger set of variables. Therefore, we introduce a multivariate linear regression model and tested the applicability by usage of two case studies. Landfill A was used to set up and calibrate the model based on 50 waste samples and twelve variables. The calibrated model was applied to Landfill B including 36 waste samples and twelve variables with four predictor variables.The case study results are twofold: first, the reliable and accurate prediction of the twelve variables can be achieved with the knowledge of four predictor variables (Loi, EC, pH and Cl). For the second Landfill B, only ten full measurements would be needed for a reliable prediction of most response variables. The four predictor variables would exhibit comparably low analytical costs in comparison to the full set of measurements. This cost reduction could be used to increase the number of samples yielding an improved understanding of the spatial waste heterogeneity in landfills.Concluding, the future application of the developed model potentially improves the reliability of predicted emission potentials. The model could become a standard screening tool for old landfills if its applicability and reliability would be tested in additional case studies. 相似文献
109.
Gilad Heinisch Aldo Corriero Antonio Medina Francisco J. Abascal Jose-Miguel de la Serna Robert Vassallo-Agius Antonio Belmonte Ríos Antonio García Fernando de la Gándara Christian Fauvel Christopher R. Bridges Constantinos C. Mylonas Saadet F. Karakulak Isik Oray Gregorio De Metrio Hanna Rosenfeld Hillel Gordin 《Marine Biology》2008,154(4):623-630
Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT; Thunnus thynnus) is a migrating species straddling the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. It is assumed that this species is divided
into a western and an eastern stock, which spawn in the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean Sea, respectively. To learn more
about the reproductive behavior of the eastern BFT stock, we tracked gonadal development in adult fish that were sampled between
April and July during three consecutive years (2003–2005). Sampling campaigns were carried out using common fishing methods
at selected locations within the Mediterranean Sea, namely Levantine Sea, Malta, and Balearic Islands. An additional sampling
point, Barbate, was situated northwest of the Straits of Gibraltar along the Atlantic coast. Morphometric parameters such
as the total body mass (M
B) and the weights of the gonads (M
G) were recorded, and the respective gonadosomatic index (GSI) values were calculated. The data collected revealed two important
trends: (1) GSI values are higher in fish caught in the eastern rather than the western locations across the Mediterranean
Sea, and (2) the GSI reaches maximum values between late May and early June in Levantine Sea (eastern Mediterranean Sea),
and only 2 and 4 weeks later in the central (Malta) and western (Balearic Islands) locations, respectively. The advanced gonadal
development in BFT correlates well with higher sea surface temperatures. Our findings also distinguish the northern Levantine
Sea BFT population (mean M
B 78.41 ± 4.13 kg), and the Barbate BFT population with the greatest M
B (all fish sampled > 100 kg). These data reflect a situation in which the eastern Mediterranean basin may function as a habitat
for young BFT, until they gain a larger M
B and are able to move to the Atlantic Ocean. However, the existence of genetically discrete BFT populations in the Mediterranean
Sea cannot be ruled out. 相似文献
110.
Benjamin Hofmann Karin Ingold Christian Stamm Priska Ammann Rik I. L. Eggen Robert Finger Samuel Fuhrimann Judit Lienert Jennifer Mark Chloe McCallum Nicole Probst-Hensch Ueli Reber Lucius Tamm Milena Wiget Mirko S. Winkler Lucca Zachmann Sabine Hoffmann 《Ambio》2023,52(2):425
Calls for supporting sustainability through more and better research rest on an incomplete understanding of scientific evidence use. We argue that a variety of barriers to a transformative impact of evidence arises from diverse actor motivations within different stages of evidence use. We abductively specify this variety in policy and practice arenas for three actor motivations (truth-seeking, sense-making, and utility-maximizing) and five stages (evidence production, uptake, influence on decisions, effects on sustainability outcomes, and feedback from outcome evaluations). Our interdisciplinary synthesis focuses on the sustainability challenge of reducing environmental and human health risks of agricultural pesticides. It identifies barriers resulting from (1) truth-seekers’ desire to reduce uncertainty that is complicated by evidence gaps, (2) sense-makers’ evidence needs that differ from the type of evidence available, and (3) utility-maximizers’ interests that guide strategic evidence use. We outline context-specific research–policy–practice measures to increase evidence use for sustainable transformation in pesticides and beyond. 相似文献