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931.
Cadmium levels in Europe: implications for human health 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Jilang Pan Jane A. Plant Nikolaos Voulvoulis Christopher J. Oates Christian Ihlenfeld 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(1):1-12
In this study we used the Forum of European Geological Surveys geochemical baseline data to examine the distribution of cadmium
(Cd) in Europe, with a particular reference to the international soil and water guideline values. The highest cadmium levels
were found to occur in topsoil and to follow closely the distribution of P2O5, suggesting that the contamination was from the use of rock phosphate fertilizer in intensive arable agriculture. In terms
of human health impacts, food (up to several hundred μg/day) was found as the only major route of exposure to Cd for the non-smoking
general population. It appeared that low levels of chronic exposure to Cd resulted in completely different human health impacts
than those high levels that had caused the ‘itai–itai’ disease. Some correlations were suggested between cadmium levels and
the age-adjusted prostate or breast cancer rates distributed in the European countries under study. 相似文献
932.
Factors affecting trace element content in periurban market garden subsoil in Yunnan Province, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Field investigations were conducted to measure subsoil trace element content and factors influencing content in an intensive periurban market garden in Chenggong County,Yunnan Province,South-West China.The area was divided into three different geomorphological units:specifically,mountain (M),transition (T) and lacustrine (L).Mean trace element content in subsoil were determined for Pb (58.2 mg/kg),Cd (0.89 mg/kg),Cu (129.2 mg/kg),and Zn (97.0 mg/kg).Strong significant relationships between trace element con... 相似文献
933.
934.
Analysis of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in air samples from Northwest Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Barber JL Berger U Chaemfa C Huber S Jahnke A Temme C Jones KC 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(6):530-541
Air samples were collected from 4 field sites in Europe: 2 sites from the UK, Hazelrigg (semi-rural) and Manchester (urban); 1 site from Ireland: Mace Head (rural); and 1 site from Norway: Kjeller (rural). Additionally, air samples were taken from indoor locations in Troms?, Norway. Air samples were collected using high-volume air samplers employing sampling modules containing glass-fibre filters (GFFs, particle phase), and glass columns with a polyurethane foam (PUF)-XAD-2-PUF sandwich (gaseous phase). Typical outdoor air volumes required for the determination of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) ranged from 500-1800 m3. GFFs and PUF-XAD columns were analysed separately to obtain information on phase partitioning. All air samples were analysed for volatile, neutral PFAS, with selected GFF samples halved for analysis of both neutral and airborne particle-bound ionic PFAS. Volatile PFAS were extracted from air samples by cold-column immersion with ethyl acetate, and were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the positive chemical ionisation mode (GC-PCI-MS). Ionic PFAS were extracted from GFFs by sonication in methanol, and were analysed by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) using electrospray ionisation in the negative ion mode (ESI-). Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was often the predominant analyte found in the particulate phase at concentrations ranging from 1-818 pg m(-3), and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) and 6:2 FTOH were the prevailing analytes found in the gas phase, at 5-243 pg m(-3) and 5-189 pg m(-3), respectively. These three PFAS were ubiquitous in air samples. Many other PFAS, both neutral and ionic, were also present, and levels of individual analytes were in the 1-125 pg m(-3) range. Levels of some PFAS exceeded those of traditional persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In this study, the presence of 12:2 FTOH and fluorotelomer olefins (FTolefins), and ionic PFAS other than perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and PFOA, are reported in air samples for the first time. Concentrations of neutral PFAS were several orders of magnitude higher in indoor air than outdoor air, making homes a likely important diffuse source of PFAS to the atmosphere. Our repeated findings of non-volatile ionic PFAS in air samples raises the possibility that they might directly undergo significant atmospheric transport on particles away from source regions, and more atmospheric measurements of ionic PFAS are strongly recommended. 相似文献
935.
Line Dahl Jeppesen Dorte Launholt Lildballe Lotte Hatt Jakob Hedegaard Ripudaman Singh Christian Liebst Frisk Toft Palle Schelde Anders Sune Pedersen Michael Knudsen Ida Vogel 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(1):3-13
Objectives
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common severe autosomal recessive disorders. Prenatal or preconception CF screening is offered in some countries. A maternal blood sample in early pregnancy can provide circulating trophoblasts and offers a DNA source for genetic analysis of both the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to develop a cell-based noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) to screen for the 50 most common CF variants.Methods
Blood samples were collected from 30 pregnancies undergoing invasive diagnostics and circulating trophoblasts were harvested in 27. Cystic fibrosis testing was conducted using two different methods: by fragment length analysis and by our newly developed NGS-based CF analysis.Results
In all 27 cases, cell-based NIPT provided a result using both methods in agreement with the invasive test result.Conclusion
This study shows that cell-based NIPT for CF screening provides a reliable result without the need for partner- and proband samples. 相似文献936.
937.
David S. L. Ramsey Karl J. Campbell Christian Lavoie Norm Macdonald Scott A. Morrison 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13898
The Judas technique is often used in control or eradication of particular vertebrate pests. The technique exploits the tendency of individuals to form social groups. A radio collar is affixed to an individual and its subsequent monitoring facilitates the detection of other conspecifics. Efficacy of this technique would be improved if managers could estimate the probability that a Judas individual would detect conspecifics. To calculate this probability, we estimated association rates of Judas individuals with other Judas individuals, given the length of time the Judas has been deployed. We developed a simple model of space-use for individual Judas animals and constrained detection probabilities to those specific areas. We then combined estimates for individual Judas animals to infer the probability that a wild individual could be detected in an area of interest via Judas surveillance. We illustrated the method by using data from a feral goat eradication program on Isla Santiago, Galápagos, and a feral pig eradication program on Santa Cruz Island, California. Association probabilities declined as the proximity between individual areas of use of a Judas pair decreased. Unconditional probabilities of detection within individual areas of use averaged 0.09 per month for feral pigs and 0.11 per month for feral goats. Probabilities that eradication had been achieved, given no detections of wild conspecifics, and an uninformative prior probability of eradication were 0.79 (90% CI 0.22–0.99) for feral goats and 0.87 (90% CI 0.44–1.0) for feral pigs. We envisage several additions to the analyses used that could improve estimates of Judas detection probability. Analyses such as these can help managers increase the efficacy of eradication efforts, leading to more effective effects to restore native biodiversity. 相似文献
938.
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Poultry meat production and consumption face several challenges under economic, social and environmental perspectives, and increasing concerns are... 相似文献