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391.
Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is commonly used to remediate nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) from the vadose zone. This paper aims to determine the effect of grain size heterogeneity on the removal of NAPL in porous media during SVE. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to observe and quantify the amount and location of NAPL in flow-through columns filled with silica gel grains. MRI is unique because it is nondestructive, allowing three-dimensional images to be taken of the phases as a function of space and time. Columns were packed with silica gel in three ways: coarse grains (250-550 microm) only, fine grains (32-63 microm) only, and a core of fine grains surrounded by a shell of coarse grains. Columns saturated with water were drained under a constant suction head, contaminated with decane, and then drained to different decane saturations. Each column was then continuously purged with water-saturated nitrogen gas and images were taken intermittently. Results showed that at residual saturation, a sharp volatilization front moved through the columns filled with either coarse-grain or fine-grain silica gel. In the heterogeneous columns, the volatilization front in the core lagged just behind the shell because gas flow was greater through the shell and decane in the core diffused outward to the shell. When decane saturation in the core was above residual saturation, decane volatilization occurred near the inlet, the relative decane saturation throughout the core dropped uniformly, and decane in the core flowed in the liquid phase to the shell to replenish volatilized decane. These results indicate that NAPL trapped in low-permeability zones can flow to replenish areas where NAPL is lost due to SVE. However, when residual NAPL saturation is reached, NAPL flow no longer occurs and diffusion limits removal from low-permeability zones. 相似文献
392.
Three laboratory-scale water pipe systems were set up to study the effects of adding oxalic acid on the bacterial regrowth and biofilm formation in the distributed drinking water. The results of water pipe experiment displayed that around 38% carbon in the oxalic acid could be converted to bacterial biomass. The maximum HPCs in biofilm were equal to 3.5x10(4), 3.38x10(5) and 2.8x10(6) CFUcm(-2) while the maximum HPCs of free bacteria were equal to 1.2x10(3), 2.54x10(3) and 3.78x10(4) CFUml(-1) for the blank and with addition of 10 and 50 micrograms OA eq-Cl(-1), respectively. These results imply that the addition of oxalic acid to distributed water has positive effect on the assimilable organic carbon content of drinking water and bacterial regrowth in water pipe. This effect is enhanced with addition of high-level oxalic acid. Batch tests were also conducted using water samples collected from a Taiwanese drinking water distribution system. The bacterial regrowth potentials (BRPs) of the blank were equal to 4.25x10(3), 1.46x10(4), 4.9x10(4) and 7.54x10(4) CFUml(-1) for water samples collected from treatment plant effluent, commercial area, mixed area, and residential area, respectively. These results show that the biological stability of distributed drinking water is the highest in treatment plant effluent, the moderate in the commercial area and mixed area, and the lowest in the residential area. 相似文献
393.
Baoyu Gao Yongbao Chu Qinyan Yue Chunyan Kong Xiaona Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2007,1(3):368-373
In order to investigate the characteristics of pure Nano-Al13, Nano-Al13 was separated and purified from a series of poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) solutions which had the same Al13 percentage but different total Al concentrations, by using column chromatography, ethanol-acetone resolving and SO2? 4/Ba2+ displacement. The Al13 species yield was characterized by Al-ferron timed complexation spectrophotometry and 27Al-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). The coagulation efficiency of Nano-Al13, PAC and AlCl3 in synthetic water was also investigated by Jar tests. The dynamic process and aggregation state of kaolin suspensions coagulating with Nano-Al13, PAC and AlCl3 were similarly investigated using a photometric dispersion analyzer 2000 (PDA2000). The experimental results indicated that the ethanol-acetone resolving method was simple and could separate the PAC solution at different concentrations, while column chromatography could separate PAC solutions at low concentrations. The SO4 2?/Ba2+ displacement method could separate PAC solutions at high concentrations. However, extra inorganic cation and anion could be added in the solution during separation. The coagulation efficiency and dynamic experimental results showed that Nano-Al13 with high positive-charged species was effective in removing turbidity and color. The dynamic process results showed that Nano-Al13 also had the best recovery capability after shearing compared with PAC and AlCl3 because the Nano-Al13 conformation is more effective in charge neutralization. 相似文献
394.
不同品种茶叶中锗含量的测定与研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在苏木色精-偏钒酸胺体系中,锗可产生一灵敏的极谱催化波,峰电位为-0.57V(us SCE),检测下限为6.888×10^-11mol/l,线性范围为1.378×10^-10—1.102×10^-5mol/l。用催化极谱法测定茶叶中锗,兼具灵敏、准确、快速、简便、选择性好的优点,可用于茶叶样品中锗的定量测定。 相似文献
395.
利用2014—2017年河源城区环境空气自动监测站数据和气象数据,对期间出现的污染天气过程进行统计,对影响污染的天气类型进行分类。结果表明,2014—2017年,河源城区累计出现污染天气65 d,超标污染物主要为PM2.5和O3,O3超标比例逐年上升成为达标率首要影响因子。PM2.5易污染天气型中冷高压出海占比最多(38.2%),其次为冷锋前(17.7%)和均压场(14.8%);O3易污染天气型中副高控制占比最多(31.0%),其次为副高叠加台风外围(24.1%)和冷高压出海(13.8%)及均压场(13.8%)。河源城区低程度污染(AQI值101~110)占比较大。 相似文献
396.
为了解滨海湿地土壤中溶解性有机质(DOM)的组成、分布及来源特征,采用紫外可见光谱和三维荧光光谱技术,并结合平行因子模型(PARAFAC)对崇明东滩湿地表层土壤DOM进行研究。结果表明:东滩表层土壤DOM吸收系数a(355)的均值为(13.72±9.47)m-1,呈由高潮滩向低潮滩递减的趋势;光谱斜率S275-295的均值为(15.22±2.07)μm-1,反映出湿地南部土壤DOM的分子量较高,受大分子有机质影响较大。PARAFAC解析出的DOM含有2类3个荧光组分,即FC1类蛋白质、FC2陆源类腐殖质和FC3自生源类腐殖质,各组分对总荧光强度的贡献率分别为40.70%、23.04%和36.26%。空间分布上,3组分荧光强度的高值集中于北部互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地,且自北向南逐渐递减。荧光指数(FI)、生物源指数(BIX)和腐殖化指数(HIX)显示东滩湿地表层土壤DOM的自生源特征显著。另外,DOM荧光组分之间呈显著正相关,且各组分与碳氮元素的迁移转化密切相关,DOM生色团和荧光团存在共源性。 相似文献
397.
398.
活性炭生物转盘法处理化工废水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用固定剂将颗粒状活性炭固定在盘片上,制成了一种新型生物转盘盘片——活性炭生物转盘盘片。采用一级微型生物转盘法处理模拟化工废水,对比了活性炭、石英砂、聚丙烯3种生物转盘的处理效果。实验结果表明,活性炭生物转盘对COD的去除效果好于其他两种转盘。在进水COD为600mg/L、水力停留时间为6h、盘片转速为4r/min的条件下,活性炭生物转盘对COD的去除率可达71.3%。此外,活性炭生物转盘还有较强的耐有机负荷冲击能力。在废水处理过程中,活性炭仅在挂膜的前7天起吸附作用,挂膜成功后生物降解起主导作用。 相似文献
399.
400.
在贵阳市市区水文地质调查的基础上,调查分析了该区域地形地貌、地质构造、地下水类型的分布以及地下水补给、径流、排泄情况,并对该区域地下水资源的质量及数量进行了评价,为地下水的开发与保护提供了基础。 相似文献