硫酸法制二氧化钛生产中废酸浓缩技术的述评

介绍和评价了国内外硫酸法制二氧化钛生产中废酸的浓缩技术,从工艺、设备及材质3方面分析了国内在二氧化钛废酸处理中存在的问题,指出最有效的解决措施是：以防为主,改善工艺条件;使硫完全参与反应,减少硫的损失和对环境的破坏;完善配套设施,提高设备质量;综合考虑废酸、新酸和钛铁矿的物料配比;选择耐腐蚀性较好的复合材料作为设备材质;最终使废酸少产生或无产生。     

Effect of topography on sulfate redistribution in cumulonimbus cloud development

An aqueous chemical module is created and included into a complex three-dimensional atmospheric cloud-resolving mesoscale model. In the chemical module, oxidation of S(IV) by ozone and hydrogen peroxide in cloud-water and rainwater, as important process of the sulfate production is included. To examine the impact of topography on the sulfate redistribution in a clean and a polluted environment, the complex topography of Serbia is included in the model. Numerical simulations of an isolated summer Cumulonimbus cloud shows that thunderstorms generate very strong vertical sulfate redistribution from the planetary boundary layer to the upper troposphere. This redistribution is sensitive to cloud dynamics, while cloud microphysics and precipitation determine wet removal of the chemical species. In simulations with realistic topography, the chemical species are transported over larger distances close to the surface, while in the upper atmosphere, there is no difference compared to the simulations without topography. The sensitivity tests of cloud chemistry to the physical processes are made. Omission of nucleation and impact scavenging of aerosols in the model simulations shows that 75.8 and 62.5 % of total sulfur mass deposited in the base experiment for the clean and the polluted environment, respectively, is the result of other processes. Exclusion of oxidation accounted for 19.2 and 37.7 % of total sulfur deposited for clean and polluted environment. Ignoring the ice phase almost not change mass of deposited sulfur: there is an increase of 2.9 and 1.5 % for clean and polluted atmosphere, respectively. Real topography conditions affect the sulfate redistribution in the sense of greater possibilities of transport. Numerical simulations without real topography give an artificial increase of deposited sulfur mass of about 25?30 %.     

阳极氧化联合电-Fenton氧化深度处理垃圾渗滤液

采用多孔碳素阴极、Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5-IrO2阳极构建电化学氧化系统用于渗滤液的深度处理。研究结果表明,所构建的电化学氧化系统通过阳极氧化和电-Fenton氧化2种机制降解有机污染物;处理过程中阴极表面形成的沉淀物对TOC和COD的衰减也产生了影响。在阴极电位为-1.0 V、Fe2+初始浓度为0.5 mmol/L的条件下,电化学处理120 min获得了58%的TOC去除;处理480 min COD去除率为55%,NH3-N去除率为99%,TN去除率为60%,色度几乎被完全去除。GC-MS分析结果表明,渗滤液中以腐殖质类物质为主的有机化合物被降解为分子量相对较小的有机物,直至完全矿化。联合阳极氧化和电-Fenton氧化机制的电化学处理方法为垃圾渗滤液深度处理提供了新的选择。     

Effects of growth substrate on triclosan biodegradation potential of oxygenase-expressing bacteria

Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent, an endocrine disrupting compound, and an emerging contaminant in the environment. This is the first study investigating triclosan biodegradation potential of four oxygenase-expressing bacteria: Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5, Rhodococcus ruber ENV425, and Burkholderia xenovorans LB400. B. xenovorans LB400 and R. ruber ENV425 were unable to degrade triclosan. Propane-grown M. vaccae JOB5 can completely degrade triclosan (5 mg L⁻¹). R. jostii RHA1 grown on biphenyl, propane, and LB medium with dicyclopropylketone (DCPK), an alkane monooxygenase inducer, was able to degrade the added triclosan (5 mg L⁻¹) to different extents. Incomplete degradation of triclosan by RHA1 is probably due to triclosan product toxicity. The highest triclosan transformation capacity (T_c, defined as the amount of triclosan degraded/the number of cells inactivated; 5.63 × 10⁻³ ng triclosan/16S rRNA gene copies) was observed for biphenyl-grown RHA1 and the lowest T_c (0.20 × 10⁻³ ng-triclosan/16S rRNA gene copies) was observed for propane-grown RHA1. No triclosan degradation metabolites were detected during triclosan degradation by propane- and LB + DCPK-grown RHA1. When using biphenyl-grown RHA1 for degradation, four chlorinated metabolites (2,4-dichlorophenol, monohydroxy-triclosan, dihydroxy-triclosan, and 2-chlorohydroquinone (a new triclosan metabolite)) were detected. Based on the detected metabolites, a meta-cleavage pathway was proposed for triclosan degradation.     

深圳市公路建设对生态环境的影响、治理及对策

公路建设曾经给深圳的生态环境造成了较为严重的危害 ,主要有 :严重的水土流失及其派生影响 ,对一些具有观赏价值的自然景观产生破坏 ,影响了部分区域动植物生存环境等。主要对这些环境影响及已进行的治理及其成效进行综述 ,对治理工作的不足及未来对策也进行了探讨。     

镧施用下黄潮土酶活性的动态变化

通过模拟试验研究了镧施用下黄潮土酶活性的动态变化。土壤脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶及蔗糖酶活性均随培养时间延长而降低。镧强烈抑制土壤脱氢酶活性 ,在 3 0mg/kg时达到显著水平 (P <0 0 5 ) ,最大抑制率达到 3 9%。镧对土壤碱性磷酸酶活性也有抑制 ,最大抑制率为 1 5 %。镧对土壤脲酶活性影响不明显。镧对土壤蔗糖酶活性表现出不同程度的刺激作用 ,最大刺激率达到 1 5 %。土壤脱氢酶活性是评价稀土元素环境效应的敏感指标。     

Optimizing the SO2 total emission control strategy: case study—Bor (Serbia)

Mumbai, a megacity of India, and its adjacent marine environment, though heavily stressed from various anthropogenic interferences, harbor ~146 km² of mangrove cover. Manori creek, in the close vicinity of Mumbai, sustains relatively better mangrove formations. A creek habitat had been evaluated for its biological and environmental characteristics, and is compared with similar but relatively lesser stressed Mandovi estuary (~475 km south of Mumbai). Several evidences of deteriorating environment of Manori creek have been described with respect to Water quality index and various biotic community structures. Water quality index of <55 indicated unacceptable aquatic conditions of Manori creek. Dominance of Avicennia marina and poor abundance and diversity of mangrove and associated biological features indicate highly stressed environment. Dominance of stress-tolerant phytoplankton spp. such as Skeletonema costatum and benthic fauna such as Polychaeta further supported the view. The data presented in the present document would help in developing rational approach towards conservation, protection, and sustainable development of mangrove-dominated creek and estuarine wetlands.     

风景名胜区景观价值评价方法研究

为了建立系统的风景名胜区景观价值评价指标体系和方法,通过对风景名胜区的实地调查及数据、资料的研究分析,结合社会经济发展需求和评价指标体系构建原则,综合利用专家咨询法、灰色系统统计分析法、层次分析法、模糊评价法,构建系统的风景名胜区景观价值评价指标体系。基于风景名胜区景观多层次的特点,拟采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法建立综合评价模型,结合运用景观综合评价指数法,确保评价结果的准确性、合理性。以重庆市金佛山风景名胜区为例应用分析,结果表明,运用两种模型分析计算的结果一致,与金佛山属4A级国家重点风景名胜区的现状相符。该项研究为风景名胜区的景观价值评价工作奠定了基础     

An economic evaluation and assessment of environmental impact of the municipal solid waste management system for Taichung City in Taiwan

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is an important environmental challenge and subject in urban planning. For sustainable MSWM strategies, the critical management factors to be considered include not only economic efficiency of MSW treatment but also life-cycle assessment of the environmental impact. This paper employed linear programming technique to establish optimal MSWM strategies considering economic efficiency and the air pollutant emissions during the life cycle of a MSWM system, and investigated the correlations between the economical optimization and pollutant emissions. A case study based on real-world MSW operating parameters in Taichung City is also presented. The results showed that the costs, benefits, streams of MSW, and throughputs of incinerators and landfills will be affected if pollution emission reductions are implemented in the MSWM strategies. In addition, the quantity of particulate matter is the best pollutant indicator for the MSWM system performance of emission reduction. In particular this model will assist the decision maker in drawing up a friendly MSWM strategy for Taichung City in Taiwan. Implications: Recently, life-cycle assessments of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) strategies have been given more considerations. However, what seems to be lacking is the consideration of economic factors and environmental impacts simultaneously. This work analyzed real-world data to establish optimal MSWM strategies considering economic efficiency and the air pollutant emissions during the life cycle of the MSWM system. The results indicated that the consideration of environmental impacts will affect the costs, benefits, streams of MSW, and throughputs of incinerators and landfills. This work is relevant to public discussion and may establish useful guidelines for the MSWM policies.     

微生物制剂与玄武岩纤维联斥处理城市废水

为了探索一种新型的去除水体中有机物的工艺,以模拟城市废水为研究对象,研究不同工况条件下,复合微生物制剂、组合双环玄武岩纤维填料以及复合微生物制剂与组合双环玄武岩纤维填料结合对模拟城市废水中COD的去除情况。实验结果表明,复合微生物制剂与组合双环玄武岩纤维填料结合在曝气的情况下对COD的去除能力较高。在复合微生物制剂与组合双环玄武岩纤维填料结合的条件下,对COD浓度为500mg／L左右的模拟城市废水的去除效率可达97．22％;影响模拟城市废水中COD去除效果的各因素的主次顺序依次为反应时间〉曝气时间〉投加量=pH;得出最佳工况参数是：复合微生物制剂的投加量为0．05g／L,曝气时间为72h,反应时间为96h,pH为7。