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The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol (PCP) oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme. 相似文献
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The ADMI (American Dye Manufactures’ Institute) 3 and 31 wavelength (WL) methods are the most popular measurements of the
wastewater true color. However, significantly different measured results were found between the ADMI 3 and 31 WL methods for
the same sample. This finding indicates that the ADMI 3 and 31 WL values should not be directly substituted for each other,
resulting in the incomparability of these two color values. An innovative calculation using the Back-Propagation Neural Network
(BPN) was therefore proposed to replace the original calculation method proposed in Standard Method. The BPN-calculated ADMI
3 WL values were found to be very close to the corresponding measured ADMI 31 WL values. Additionally, for more accurate measurement
of the true color, new measurement methods containing 4 and 6 wavelengths were proposed and cooperated with the BPN calculation
model. The new approaches performed very accuracy measured results of the wastewater true color. Finally, the trained BPN
calculation models were built to be applied to measure the true color of real textile samples and also performed very good
measured results. 相似文献
457.
Chu Xu Chu Zhujie Huang Wei-Chiao He Youquan Chen Mengqing Abula Maierheba 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(3):1333-1343
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Waste treatment is a problem faced by cities all over the world. In recent years, China, as a developing country, regards the municipal solid waste... 相似文献
458.
Wood charcoal production provides affordable energy in many developing countries and has substantially contributed to the economy through the provision of rural incomes. In several countries, charcoal production leads to overexploitation of forests due to inefficiencies in processing. This study was undertaken in central Laos to (1) examine and document traditional charcoal production systems; (2) investigate the production capacity, recovery efficiencies and economic gains of existing traditional charcoal production methods; (3) characterize the chemical properties of wood charcoal and investigate the potential for soil restoration and (4) investigate local charcoal producers' perception on forest degradation and their species preferences. Through a socio-economic survey, a cost-based method for economic valuation was undertaken on a range of charcoal production methods currently being used. Laboratory chemical analyses were performed on wood charcoal samples. Results indicated that the traditional mud charcoal mound was used by the majority (82%) of charcoal producers. Total charcoal production per production cycle varied between 400 (produced from 2.7 m3 of wood) and 1600 kg (produced from 18 m3 of wood), with a mean of 938 kg (±120) for traditional mud charcoal mounds. The volume of the traditional mud charcoal mounds correlated positively and significantly with total charcoal production (R 2 = 0.45, p?=?0.03), whereas correlated negatively and significantly with the recovery efficiency (R 2 = 0.58, p?=?0.01). On average, the local producers receive a total net benefit of 457,272 Lao kip (USD 57.2) in 17 days. We also identified a rice husk mound method of charcoal production, which may not encourage further deforestation while producing rice husk biochar that can be used for soil restoration. Furthermore, we found that there are significant differences (p < 0.05) between the sampled wood charcoals in chemical properties, indicating that the potential of using wood charcoal for the restoration of degraded soils varies from charcoal to charcoal. 相似文献
459.
Shu-Hong LI Yue ZHAO Jian CHU Wen-Wei LI Han-Qing YU Gang LIU Yang-Chao TIAN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(3):388-394
Direct formic acid fuel cells are a promising portable power-generating device, and the development of efficient anodic catalysts is essential for such a fuel cell. In this work Pt-Bi nanoparticles supported on micro-fabricated gold wire array substrate were synthesized using an electrochemical deposition method for formic acid oxidation in fuel cells. The surface morphology and element components of the Pt-Bi/Au nanoparticles were characterized, and the catalytic activities of the three Pt-Bi/Au nanoparticle electrodes with different Pt/Bi ratios for formic acid oxidation were evaluated. It was found that Pt4Bi96/Au had a much higher catalytic activity than Pt11Bi89/Au and Pt13Bi87/Au, and Pt4Bi96/Au exhibited a current density of 2.7 mA·cm-2, which was 27-times greater than that of Pt/Au. The electro-catalytic activity of the Pt-Bi/Au electrode for formic acid oxidation increased with the increasing Bi content, suggesting that it would be possible to achieve an efficient formic acid oxidation on the low Pt-loading. Therefore, the Pt-Bi/Au electrode offers a promising catalyst with a high activity for direct oxidation of formic acid in fuel cells. 相似文献
460.
Biwu Chu Jiming Hao Junhua Li Hideto Takekawa Kun Wang Jingkun Jiang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(1):1-9
Aerosol phase reactions play a very important role on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and metal-containing aerosols are important components in the atmosphere. In this study, we tested the effects of two transition metal sulfate salts, manganese sulfate (MnSO4) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), on the photochemical reactions of a toluene/NO x photooxidation system in a 2 m3 smog chamber. By comparing photochemical reaction products of experiments with and without transition metal sulfate seed aerosols, we evaluated the effects of transition metal sulfate seed aerosols on toluene consumption, NO x conversion and the formation of ozone and SOA. MnSO4 and ZnSO4 seed aerosols were found to have similar effects on photochemical reactions, both enhance the SOA production, while showing negligible effects on the gas phase compounds. These observations are consistent when varying metal sulfate aerosol concentrations. This is attributed to the catalytic effects of MnSO4 and ZnSO4 seed aerosols which may enhance the formation of condensable semivolatile compounds. Their subsequent partitioning into the aerosol phase leads to the observed SOA formation enhancement. 相似文献