Restoration of the Marine Ecological Environment Along the Charting Coast: Primary Productivity and Biomass Study

Since 1986, when green oysters occurred due to the copper and organic pollution in the Charting coastal area, the government banned all maricultural activity. It has been claimed that growing algae in a polluted environment may clean the water of pollutants and restore the marine ecosystem. to test this hypothesis, in the Charting coastal area a three-year programme (from August 1992 to July 1995) was carried out. the survey programme included environmental components such as salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), particulate organic carbon (POC), heavy metals and ecological indicators such as nutrients, chlorophyll-a, primary productivity. in the first year study, the environmental background data collected was used to select the suitable season and locations for growing large algae transferred from the laboratory to the field study area. Since September 1993, various species of large algae have been cultured. Although some of the growing algae were damaged by a typhoon in August 1994, the impact of the growing algae on the environmental conditions in the area has been monitored throughout. Elsewhere, we have reported that in the algae growing area higher dissolved oxygen with lower values of BOD and POC were found, and the concentrations of heavy metals in both water and sediments decreased. the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the possible impact of growing large algae on the ecological conditions in Charting coastal waters through the period from August 1983 to May 1995. As a result of the positive results obtained, large amounts of algae have again been cultured in the same area during the period from April 29 to May 25, 1995. We expect that inorganic and organic pollutants will be reduced by the algal growth, oyster mariculture will be restored and finally, the fishery resources potential will be increased.     

Inkjet Printing for Silicon Solar Cells

Inkjet printing of metal nanoparticles is an attractive method for front-side metallization of silicon solar cells. It is owing to noncontact, low-cost, low-waste, and simple process. In this work, we proposed the ink-jet printing and electroless technology to fabricate the seed layer and electrode layer, respectively. Furthermore, we used electroplating method to increase the electrode conductivity. In this way, the energy conversion efficiency up to 12.22% without AR coating can be obtained on 100?×?100 mm c-Si cell.     

Competitive adsorption of dye metanil yellow and RB15 in acid solutions on chemically cross-linked chitosan beads

One kind of adsorbent with a high adsorption capacity for anionic dyes was prepared using ionically and chemically cross-linked chitosan beads. A batch system was applied to study the adsorption behavior of one acid dye (MY, metanil yellow) and one reactive dye (RB15, reactive blue 15) in aqueous solutions by the cross-linked chitosan beads. The adsorption capacities was 3.56 mmol g(-1) (1334 mg g(-1)) for dye MY and 0.56 mmol g(-1) (722 mg g(-1)) for dye RB15 at pH4, 30 degrees C. The Langmuir model agreed very well with the experimental data (R(2)>0.996). The kinetics of adsorption for a single dye and the kinetics of removal of ADMI color value in mixture solutions at different initial dye concentrations were evaluated by the nonlinear first-order and second-order models. The first-order kinetic model fits well with the dynamical adsorption behavior of a single dye for lower initial dye concentrations, while the second-order kinetic model fits well for higher initial dye concentrations. The competitive adsorption favored the dye RB15 in the mixture solution (initial conc. (mM): MY=1.34; RB15=1.36); while it favored the dye MY in the mixture solution (initial conc. (mM): MY=3.00; RB15=1.34) and the adsorption kinetics for dye RB15 has the tendency to shift to a slower first order model.     

环境应急监测在气田应急救援工作中的应用

环境监测在处置气田的泄漏和火灾爆炸等事故中尤为重要,为应急决策提供科学依据。环境应急监测应针对气田特点选择监测仪器设备,确定监测内容和监测方案编制依据,做好应急监测准备工作,确保紧急情况下迅速、准确地完成监测任务,满足气田突发性事故应急救援工作的需要。     

Ultrasonographic scanning of placental thickness and the prenatal diagnosis of homozygous alpha-thalassaemia 1 in the second trimester

In order to evaluate the association between placental thickness (PT) and fetal homozygous alpha-thalassaemia 1 before the appearance of classic ultrasound findings of haemoglobin (Hb) Bart's hydrops fetalis, a total of 473 pregnancies were collected. The control group included 422 normal pregnancies with a gestational age from 14 to 23 weeks and the study group included 51 affected fetuses in the same gestational period. Fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and PT were measured by high-resolution ultrasound. PT was evaluated against BPD. In the control group, the PT generally increased in parallel with the advancement of gestational age. All PT measurements in the study group were above the mean PT of their respective gestational week in the control group. Forty-six (90 per cent) of the pregnancies in the study group had PT larger than the mean plus two standard deviations of the control group. This study suggests that ultrasound measurement of PT may be a useful aid in the prenatal diagnosis of Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis before its classic findings become apparent in the late second trimester or third trimester.     

氧化铝表面处理对吸附腐殖酸的影响

采用酸、碱和金属盐表面修饰处理,影响氧化铝表面结构和成份分布,以达到提高吸附性能的目的。研究表明,经酸处理和酸性条件下的钙镁修饰处理的氧化铝,其对腐殖酸的吸附能力比Al-500分别提高32.3％和23.8％。同时,就改性氧化铝去除腐殖酸的影响条件、动力学、热力学性能进行了讨论。     

ACF负载催化剂制备对烟气脱硝影响的研究

介绍了采用浸渍法在活性炭纤维(ACF)上负载铜盐制备烟气脱硝催化剂的方法,探索了催化剂制备过程中焙烧温度、催化剂的负载方式、铜盐负离子的种类、催化组分负载量对催化剂催化活性的影响规律,实验结果表明,最佳焙烧温度范围为250～300℃,多次浸渍负载比一次浸渍负载效果要好,采用Cu(NO3)2作为负载铜离子的溶液,催化性能更好。     

Adsorption of arsenic(V) by activated carbon prepared from oat hulls

The efficiency of self-manufactured activated carbon (AC) produced from oat hulls in adsorbing arsenic(V) was tested in a batch reactor. The results indicated that the adsorptive capacity of AC was affected by initial pH value, with adsorption capacity decreasing from 3.09 to 1.57 mg As g(-1) AC when the initial pH values increased from 5 to 8. A modified linear driving force model conjugated with a Langmuir isotherm was created to describe the study's kinetics. The test results show that rapid adsorption and slow adsorption exist simultaneously when AC is used to remove arsenic(V).     

Oxidative DNA damage estimated by urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine: influence of taxi driving,smoking and areca chewing

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are common air pollutants generated from automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke. This study was to investigate urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as an effective biomarker on DNA damage from traffic exhaust and/or smoking in exposed and non-exposed individuals. With subject consents, the levels of plasma NOx, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 8-OHdG were determined for 95 male taxi drivers and 75 male community residents as the reference group. After adjusting for associate variables, there was a significant correlation between the levels of urinary 8-OHdG and 1-OHP but not NOx. The average level of urinary 8-OHdG was significantly higher in drivers than in community men (13.4+/-4.7 vs. 11.5+/-4.7 microg/g creatinine in mean+/-standard deviation). Compared with non-smoking community men, the multivariate logistic regression showed that the odds ratios (OR) of having elevated levels of urinary 8-OHdG (greater than the overall median value, 12.1 microg/g creatinine) were 6.6 (95% confidence interval (CI)=2.1-20.8) for smoking community men, 5.0 (95% CI=1.7-14.7) for non-smoking taxi drivers and 4.6 (95% CI=1.4-15.0) for smoking taxi drivers. Higher risk was also observed for areca quid chewers compared with non-chewers (OR=1.6; 95% CI=1.1-3.6). In conclusion, taxi driving and smoking may contribute independently to elevated DNA damage using urinary 8-OHdG levels as a sensitive biomarker. This effect is most potent on heavy smokers.     

不同等级清洁生产评价指标的选择及在具体项目中应用

在环境影响评价中,清洁生产分析是主要的组成部分,本文论述了清洁生产评价的主要内容,给出了不同评价等级中评价指标的选取方法,使清洁生产评价部分更加细致,精确.并将其应用于某实木复合地板环境影响评价中,实例证明清洁生产评价是使经济效益、社会效益和环境效益三赢的一个行之有效的方法.