哈尔滨市大气主要污染物浓度变化与城市发展因素影响分析研究

采用Daniel趋势检验法对哈尔滨市近年来SO2、NO2和PM10年均浓度变化趋势分析,并对城市总人口与经济、产业结构、民用汽车保有量和能源状况五个城市发展因素进行数据统计分析,用SPSS探究城市发展过程中影响大气污染的因素及相关性.结果表明:浓度变化趋势是SO2明显上升;NO2缓慢上升;PM10整体明显下降,但在2013年点突增至了0.119 mg/m3.SO2与NO2显著相关,相关系数为0.533.经统计,哈尔滨人口经济发展、产业结构调整较为缓慢,全市民用汽车保有量增加并未对NO2浓度影响显著,能源结构依然以煤为主,虽然能源强度提升,但也存在着煤质、散煤的问题.哈尔滨市各城市发展因素与污染物浓度关联度不显著.     

Efficient treatment of azo dye containing wastewater in a hybrid acidogenic bioreactor stimulated by biocatalyzed electrolysis

In this study, a novel scaled-up hybrid acidogenic bioreactor(HAB) was designed and adopted to evaluate the performance of azo dye(acid red G, ARG) containing wastewater treatment. Principally, HAB is an acidogenic bioreactor coupled with a biocatalyzed electrolysis module. The effects of hydraulic retention time(HRT) and ARG loading rate on the performance of HAB were investigated. In addition, the influent was switched from synthetic wastewater to domestic wastewater to examine the key parameters for the application of HAB. The results showed that the introduction of the biocatalyzed electrolysis module could enhance anoxic decolorization and COD(chemical oxygen demand) removal. The combined process of HAB-CASS presented superior performance compared to a control system without biocatalyzed electrolysis(AB-CASS). When the influent was switched to domestic wastewater, with an environment having more balanced nutrients and diverse organic matters, the ARG, COD and nitrogen removal efficiencies of HAB-CASS were further improved, reaching 73.3% ± 2.5%, 86.2% ± 3.8% and 93.5% ± 1.6% at HRT of 6 hr, respectively, which were much higher than those of AB-CASS(61.1% ± 4.7%,75.4% ± 5.0% and 82.1% ± 2.1%, respectively). Moreover, larger TCV/TV(total cathode volume/total volume) for HAB led to higher current and ARG removal. The ARG removal efficiency and current at TCV/TV of 0.15 were 39.2% ± 3.7% and 28.30 ± 1.48 m A,respectively. They were significantly increased to 62.1% ± 2.0% and 34.55 ± 0.83 m A at TCV/TV of 0.25. These results show that HAB system could be used to effectively treat real wastewater.     

Microbial bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the sediments of Lake Shankou, Northeastern China

Dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)extracted from Lake Shankou sediments using KCl was isolated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions.The bioavailabilities of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions to three types of bacterial communities collected from sediments,activated sludge and compost products were examined.The DON recoveries obtained by DAX-8 and cation exchange resins treatment were 96.17% ± 1.58% and 98.14% ±0% for the samples obtained from N4 and N14 stations,respectively.After 25 days of incubation at 25°C,most DON(59% to 96%)was degraded.Hydrophilic DON exhibited a higher reduction rate than hydrophobic DON during the growth phase.Untreated wastewater from Changshuihe town was the main degradable DON source to station N4,and 93% of hydrophilic DON and 80% of hydrophobic DON were degraded.Station N14 received a large amount of refractory DON from forest soils and exhibited DON degradation rates of 82% and 71% for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions,respectively.Amino acid contents and fluorescence intensities were also analyzed.Approximately 27% to 74% of amino acids were taken up by day 5,and their concentration gradually increased in the following days due to the decomposition of dissolved proteins.Parallel factor analysis resulted in identification of tryptophan-like proteins,tyrosine-like proteins and FA-like substances.During the growth phase,40%–51% of the tryptophan-like proteins were taken up by bacteria,and the accumulation of tyrosine-like proteins was attributed to the release of biotic substances.The concentration of the FA-like substances decreased due to microbial decomposition.     

Growth inhibition and oxidative damage of Microcystis aeruginosa induced by crude extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers

Aquatic macrophytes are considered to be promising in controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms. In this research, an aqueous extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers was prepared to study its inhibitory effect on Microcystis aeruginosa in the laboratory. Several physiological indices of M. aeruginosa, in response to the environmental stress, were analyzed. Results showed that S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract significantly inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa in a concentration-dependent way. The highest inhibition rate reached 90% after 6 day treatment. The Chlorophyll-a concentration of M. aeruginosa cells decreased from 343.1 to314.2 μg/L in the treatment group. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and the content of reduced glutathione in M. aeruginosa cells initially increased as a response to the oxidative stress posed by S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract, but then decreased as time prolonged. The lipid peroxidation damage of the cyanobacterial cell membranes was reflected by the malondialdehyde level, which was notably higher in the treatment group compared with the controls. It was concluded that the oxidative damage of M. aeruginosa induced by S.trifolia tuber aqueous extract might be one of the mechanisms for the inhibitory effects.     

应急管理地理信息系统设计及实现

介绍了面向石油化工企业的应急管理地理信息系统的功能设计及实现,利用遥感影像配合矢量图实现地理信息支撑平台,满足企业日常安全管理和应急响应过程中地图浏览、查询定位、空间分析、事故影响范围模拟计算及可视化展示、专题图及属性浏览、动态信息集成等功能需要。     

抗铅、镉菌株对土壤铅、镉生物有效性的影响

将从土壤中分离到的2株能同时耐铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)的抗性菌株(编号为H1和H2)分别接种至Pb、Cd污染的土壤中进行小白菜盆栽试验,研究2株抗性菌株对土壤Pb、Cd生物有效性的影响。结果表明:H1菌株可专一性的钝化交换态Cd,降幅为43.78%,并能显著促进小白菜地上部生长,与对照相比增产79.62%;H2菌可同时降低交换态Pb、Cd的比重,降幅分别为30.31%和27.61%,但小白菜产量与对照无显著差异。此外,与对照相比,接菌处理均能显著降低小白菜地上部Pb、Cd含量。     

基于DEM地表水文特征和汇水子流域的提取研究

文章以天津于桥水库上游流域为研究对象,以DEM(数字高程模型)为基础数据,对DEM生成方法、DEM精度、流域地形地貌特征及阈值的选取三个方面分别作了详细研究。试验结果表明,从于桥水库上游流域的水文特征所提取的河网分布与河流与实际分布情况基本吻合,淋河、沙河、黎河三大流域的面积误差范围分别为-3.44%、2.28%和7.63%。     

含Cu-EDTA废水吸附法处理研究

用活性炭吸附法对Cu-EDTA废水的处理进行了工艺条件研究。结果表明,对含Cu40mg/L的络合剂废水,利用络合铜在酸性条件下的不稳定和活性炭表面电荷作用,在pH=5—6,采用活性炭进行搅拌吸附0.5h,铜的吸附率可达98％,出水残铜稳定在1mg/L以下。同时采用0.5mol/L H_2SO_4洗脱回收铜,且做到活性炭再生使用,铜的回收率为98％。为Cu-EDTA废水的处理提供了一个经济有效的方法。