羰基硫(COS)在土壤中的吸收与转化

利用静态法研究了羰基硫(COS)在草坪土壤中的吸收与转化过程.土壤对COS的吸收速率与土壤的含水量和温度呈非线性关系,土壤吸收COS的最适宜温度为25℃,含水量为13%.在此条件下,大气COS的估算交换通量为184pmol·g-1(DW)·h-1或598pmol·m-2·s-1.采用GCFID,FPD和IC对土壤吸收COS可能的转化产物进行了测定,结果表明,CO2和SO2-4为主要反应产物,其中约50%的COS最终转化为水溶性硫酸盐,约50%的COS可能转化为其它非挥发性含硫化合物(可能主要为FeS).     

Nonionic surfactant enhanced biodegradation of m-xylene by mixed bacteria and its application in biotrickling filter

In this study, m-xylene biodegradation was examined in bacteria-water mixed solution and biotrickling filter (BTF) systems amended with the nonionic surfactant Tween 80. The mixed bacteria were obtained from the activated sludge of a coking plant through a multisubstrate acclimatization process. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Rhodanobacter sp. was the dominant species among the mixed bacteria. In the bacteria-water mixed solution, the bacterial density increased with increasing Tween 80 concentration. Hence, Tween 80 could be utilized as substrate by the mixed bacteria. Tween 80, with concentrations of 50–100 mg L^?1, could enhance the bioavailability of m-xylene and consequently improve the degradation efficiency of m-xylene. However, further increasing the initial concentration of Tween 80 would decrease the degradation efficiency of m-xylene. At concentrations exceeding 100 mg L^?1, Tween 80 was preferentially degraded by the mixed bacteria over m-xylene. In BTF systems, when the m-xylene inlet concentration was 1200 mg m^?3 and the empty bed residence time was 20 sec, the removal efficiency and elimination capacity of BTF1 with Tween 80 addition were at most 20% and 24% higher than those of BTF2 without Tween 80 addition. Overall, the integrated application of the mixed bacteria and surfactant was demonstrated to be a highly effective strategy for m-xylene waste gas treatment.

Implications: The integrated application of mixed bacteria and surfactant was demonstrated to be a promising approach for the highly efficient removal of m-xylene. Surfactant can activate mixed bacteria to degrade m-xylene by increasing its bioavailability. Besides, surfactant can be utilized as carbon source by the mixed bacteria so that the growth of mixed bacteria can be promoted. It is expected that the integrated application of both technologies will become more common in future chemical industry.     

基于2.4G无线通讯的绝缘子喷涂清洁设备控制系统

为了更好地满足电网的安全可靠运营,提高并改善喷涂与清洁效果,亟需开发自动化程度高的绝缘子喷涂、清洗设备及其控制系统。本文结合2.4 G无线通讯短距离通讯技术,提供绝缘子喷涂与清洁机械臂的应用方案,其中电气电子控制系统包括无线组网控制、机械臂定位控制及喷涂过程控制,由主控制中心集中控制平台升降、机械臂动作、物料车动作,实现清洗、风干、喷涂、散料回收的过程控制,在电网系统中的绝缘子喷涂清洁领域具有广阔的市场应用前景。     

推动环境信息披露能改善投资效率吗？

落实企业环境责任,推动环境信息披露,有利于推动结构调整和高质量发展。本文根据《环境信息公开办法（试行）》,对发布企业社会责任报告的上市公司环境信息披露进行刻画,基于Richardson投资期望模型对投资效率进行测度,分析环境信息披露对上市公司投资效率的影响。研究发现,环境信息披露能在一定程度上缓解投资不足,但对过度投资的影响并不显著,而且环境信息披露对投资不足的缓解作用在国有企业、两权分离度高等代理成本较高的企业中表现更为显著。本文因此提出推动环境信息披露的建议,一方面发挥政府作用,加大监管压力,确保企业环境责任的落实,健全环境治理企业责任体系;另一方面发挥市场的决定性作用,强化诱致企业披露环境信息的动力,让市场形成对环境信息披露的强需求,促使企业提升环境信息披露水平。     

Dual-reaction-center catalytic process continues Fenton’s story

• Dual-reaction-center (DRC) system breaks through bottleneck of Fenton reaction. • Utilization of intrinsic electrons of pollutants is realized in DRC system. • DRC catalytic process well continues Fenton’s story. Triggered by global water quality safety issues, the research on wastewater treatment and water purification technology has been greatly developed in recent years. The Fenton technology is particularly powerful due to the rapid attack on pollutants by the generated hydroxyl radicals (•OH). However, both heterogeneous and homogeneous Fenton/Fenton-like technologies follow the classical reaction mechanism, which depends on the oxidation and reduction of the transition metal ions at single sites. So even after a century of development, this reaction still suffers from its inherent bottlenecks in practical application. In recent years, our group has been focusing on studying a novel heterogeneous Fenton catalytic process, and we developed the dual-reaction-center (DRC) system for the first time. In the DRC system, H₂O₂ and O₂ can be efficiently reduced to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in electron-rich centers, while pollutants are captured and oxidized by the electron-deficient centers. The obtained electrons from pollutants are diverted to the electron-rich centers through bonding bridges. This process breaks through the classic Fenton mechanism, and improves the performance and efficiency of pollutant removal in a wide pH range. Here, we provide a brief overview of Fenton’s story and focus on combing the discovery and development of the DRC technology and mechanism in recent years. The construction of the DRC and its performance in the pollutant degradation and interfacial reaction process are described in detail. We look forward to bringing a new perspective to continue Fenton’s story through research and development of DRC technology.     

城市湖泊富营养化对水生植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征的影响

为研究城市湖泊富营养化对水生植物叶片元素组成的影响,在植物生长季,对南京3个湖泊的6种常见水生植物进行碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量学研究,并分析驱动水生植物叶片元素变化的关键环境因子。结果表明:(1)水生植物叶片C、N、P含量变化范围分别为397.03～672.70、10.63～39.16及1.15～13.30 mg/g,叶片C/N、C/P及N/P变化范围分别为13.15～50.36、31.39～458.60及1.88～19.06,其中叶片P含量变异最大,叶片C含量变异最小;(2) Spearman相关性分析表明,芦苇(Phragmites australis)、睡莲(Nymphaea tetragona)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)叶片元素组成与湖泊富营养化综合指数具有显著相关性,叶片P含量随湖泊富营养指数升高而增加,叶片C/P及N/P随之减小;(3) RDA分析表明,春季水生植物叶片C、N、P含量及C/N/P变化主要受水体高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))和底泥总有机碳(SOC)含量的共同影响,夏季主要受水体总磷(TP_W)浓度的影响,秋季主要受底泥总磷(TP_S)含量的影响。     

产业发展、土地集约利用与城市土地扩张

城市土地扩张速度过快是当前中国社会需要解决的一个重要问题。利用2000～2014年中国30个省会城市的面板数据,实证检验了全国层面和区域层面下,产业发展、土地集约利用与城市土地扩张之间的关系,并重点分析了土地集约利用在其中的中介作用。研究表明:(1)就全国层面看,第三产业规模提升和产业结构升级会抑制城市土地的扩张,土地集约利用在其中发挥部分中介效应,且其对总效应的贡献率分别为10.3%和12.6%;(2)就区域层面看,第三产业规模提升和产业结构升级会通过提高土地集约利用水平对东部城市土地扩张产生间接负向影响;第二产业规模增加对中部城市土地扩张有直接的促进效果;(3)该研究揭示了不同产业发展类型对不同区域城市土地扩张的影响及其中的作用路径,并针对性的提出了一系列政策建议,这对控制我国城市土地的过度扩张具有现实的指导意义。     

基于BP神经网络和协调度的河流健康评价

为了对河流的健康状况进行评价,以解决河流健康评价中评价指标权重人为主观性太强的问题。采用BP神经网络对袁河的自然生态状况和社会服务功能分别进行模拟,并结合协调度来判断两者之间是否和谐发展。结果表明:(1)2016年度袁河宜春段和新余段河流健康综合评价指数T0.6,均达到健康等级;其中宜春段的协调度指数D=0.8,达到良好协调类别,新余段的协调度指数D=0.79,达到中度协调类别;(2)2006和2010年袁河宜春段和新余段的自然生态状况指数f(x)较前一年有所下降,经对比指标数据,主要因素是袁河2006和2010年水质由前一年Ⅲ类水质下降为Ⅳ类水质;(3)2016年袁河新余段的自然生态状况指数f(x)=0.59,要远小于社会服务功能指数g(y)=0.68,所以今后对于袁河新余段的河流政策应偏向于河流的自然生态修复。     

高压管道天然气泄漏扩散过程的数值模拟

采用CFD模型的方法对高压管道内的天然气泄漏和扩散过程进行了数值模拟。其结果表明,从高压管道泄出的天然气在大气中主要表现为高速射流的泄漏过程和随后的扩散过程。在泄漏过程中,天然气在泄漏口附近为欠膨胀射流,整个泄漏过程具有一定的高度;在扩散过程中,天然气在浮力作用下以向上扩散的形式发展。研究了不同环境风速对扩散过程的影响,较大的风速可以使天然气向下风方向更远的距离扩散,从而增大了天然气爆炸危险浓度的范围。研究结果可