铝—铬天青S—聚乙烯醇体系光度法测定沉积物中的铝

在聚乙炮醇增溶剂的作用下，用铬天青Ｓ测定铝的分光光度法，研究了铝（Ⅲ）－铬天青Ｓ－聚乙烯醇配合物形成的最佳条件。该法的回收率为９７．６８％－１００．６０％，相对标准偏差小于１．３０％。     

HRT对折流板式厌氧生物反应器处理印染废水的影响

针对印染废水水质水量变化大、ρ(BOD₅)/ρ(COD_Cr)低、色度高的特点,以苏南某污水厂(印染废水比例大于90％)调节池出水为研究对象,开展ABR(折流板式厌氧生物反应器)处理印染废水试验,处理规模为2 L/h,重点考察不同HRT(水力停留时间)下ABR对COD_Cr、色度的去除和对ρ(BOD₅)/ρ(COD_Cr)的提升效果. 结果表明:①当进水平均ρ(COD_Cr)为517 mg/L、色度为380倍、ρ(BOD₅)/ρ(COD_Cr)为0.20时,随着HRT(32、24、18、14和10 h)的缩短,COD_Cr平均去除率由46.1%降至22.5%,色度平均去除率由60.6%降至51.0%,出水ρ(BOD₅)/ρ(COD_Cr)由0.39降至0.30. ②随着格室数量的增加,ρ(COD_Cr)和色度逐渐降低,其中第1格室的COD_Cr和色度的去除率分别占总去除率的20.0%和51.0%,紫外-可见吸收光谱扫描也证明了这一点. ③经过ABR厌氧水解后污染物种类明显减少,说明ABR厌氧水解作用较好,可为后续好氧工艺奠定基础.      

中国畜牧业地理集聚特征及其演化机制

农业地理集聚是有效实现农业分工的空间组织形态。以畜牧业为例,采用基尼系数、专业化指数、产业集中度和产业平均集聚率等指标与模型,分析了畜牧业地理集聚的发展特征、演变态势及其形成机制。结果表明:1980-2011 年中国畜牧业地理集聚程度不断增强,呈现出先增强后减弱再到稳定上升的阶段性演化特征,但不同畜产品生产的地理集聚过程差异显著;省域尺度上,畜牧业平均集聚率重心不断北移,逐步形成了北方地区高度集聚、南方地区中低度集聚的空间分异格局;畜牧业地理集聚格局经历了由自然集聚到空间重构再到空间优化的过程,自然资源禀赋、农业生产力以及市场与政策,在不同时期主导着中国畜牧业空间格局的演变,构成了我国畜牧业地理集聚格局的演化机制。     

微气泡曝气对生物膜反应器启动运行性能影响

比较了微气泡曝气(MB)与传统气泡曝气(CB)流化床生物膜反应器启动运行性能,以及生物膜形成过程与组成特性.结果表明,启动运行中,MB反应器的COD、NH4+-N和TN平均去除率分别达到90.3%、92.7%和43.4%,而CB反应器的COD、NH4+-N和TN平均去除率分别为79.4%、86.3%和29.3%,MB反应器污染物去除性能优于CB反应器.同时,MB反应器的氧利用率高达94.3%,显著高于CB反应器.MB反应器中生物膜形成速率和稳定生物膜生物量均高于CB反应器,并且所形成的生物膜VSS/SS比值较高而EPS含量较低.因此,微气泡曝气能够加速生物膜形成并获得更高的活性生物量,从而提高生物膜反应器的启动运行性能.     

生态经济不能破坏生态环境

发展生态经济,本应以生态保护与生态平衡为前提,通过对生态资源的保护、开发、利用,实现其经济价值。然而,令人忧虑的是在现实中,只注重向“生态经济”要效益,忽视对生态环境的保护,甚至出现了对生态环境的破坏现象比比皆是。     

A longitudinal study of mentor and protégé outcomes in formal mentoring relationships

This study examined relationships between mentoring functions offered and transformational leadership as a mentor outcome and affective well‐being and organizational commitment as mutual outcomes for both mentors and protégés. For this examination, we conducted a longitudinal field study by using 111 matched reports from both mentors and protégés collected at three different points in time over seven months in nine Korean companies that administered a standardized formal mentoring program. Study results showed that mentoring functions assessed at Time 2 were positively associated with mentors' and protégés' post‐mentoring outcomes at Time 3 after controlling for pre‐mentoring initial levels of those outcomes at Time 1. Study findings also revealed that relative effects of mentoring on the mentor and protégé outcomes differed by the types of mentoring functions. We discuss the theoretical, practical, and methodological implications from these results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental study on oxygen consumption rate of residual coal in goaf

In order to research the actual oxygen consumption rate of residual coal in goaf, the heating and oxidizing experiment was conducted respectively on five types of single particle size of coal samples and one hybrid particle size of coal samples by using self-developed CSC-B2 test system. This study measured inlet and outlet oxygen concentration of the oxidation tank, and calculated the oxygen consumption rate of each coal sample at different temperatures. For the residual coal in the same goaf, which is regarded as a hybrid particle size of coal consisting of a variety of single granularity of coal, its oxygen consumption rate is the mass weighted average of the rate of each particle size of coal. Accordingly, this paper established the equation of oxygen consumption rate of hybrid particle size of coal samples, taking into account temperature, granularity and oxygen concentration. Then comparison between the calculated value and the actually measured value of oxygen consumption rate of hybrid particle size of coal samples at different temperatures was conducted. And the results reveal that the calculated value basically coincide with the actually measured one. Moreover, the results prove that the established calculation formula for oxygen consumption rate can be used to accurately calculate the actual oxygen consumption rate of residual coal samples. The achievement of this research is of theoretical and practical significance for learning about the characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion and forecasting the self-ignition of residual coal in goaf.     

受压浮煤自燃过程试验研究

矿井采空区遗煤自燃大部分为处于受压状态下的自燃。为观察压力对浮煤自燃过程的影响,采用自制的浮煤加载自燃试验装置对受压浮煤层与自然堆积状态下的自燃过程进行试验研究。结果表明:加载对浮煤的自燃过程确实存在一定影响。加载会加快浮煤层的升温速度,缩短自然发火期,降低最小浮煤层厚度,改变采空区"三带"的划分;加载对厚度介于0.8～1.2 m之间浮煤自燃过程影响最大;随着压力的增加,压力对浮煤自燃过程的影响逐渐减弱,当压力小于1 600 N时,压力的增加对浮煤自燃过程的影响较明显,当压力大于1 600 N时,压力的增加对浮煤自燃过程的影响变小,当压力大于2 600 N时,压力的增加对浮煤自燃过程几乎无影响。     

三氯生和三氯卡班对两栖动物蝌蚪的急性毒性

三氯生(TCS)和三氯卡班(TCC)是个人护理品中常用抗菌剂,在水体中普遍存在,但目前其对两栖动物的毒性研究仍较少。本研究以黑斑蛙蝌蚪和非洲爪蛙蝌蚪为受试生物,研究TCS和TCC对蝌蚪的急性毒性。将处于第一个蝌蚪发育期的黑斑蛙蝌蚪(Gosner 26期)和非洲爪蛙蝌蚪(NF 46期)分别暴露于系列浓度的TCS和TCC,测定其对蝌蚪的半数致死浓度(96 hLC_(50))。结果发现,TCS对黑斑蛙蝌蚪和非洲爪蛙蝌蚪的96 h-LC_(50)分别为441μg·L~(-1)和280μg·L~(-1);TCC对黑斑蛙蝌蚪和非洲爪蛙蝌蚪的96 h-LC_(50)为252μg·L~(-1)和217μg·L~(-1)。这些数据显示TCS和TCC对两种蝌蚪的毒性较高,且对非洲爪蛙蝌蚪毒性均略高于对黑斑蛙蝌蚪的毒性,整体来看TCC的毒性略高于TCS。     

外国消防志愿者一瞥

随着消防工作的发展,志愿消防已成为消防社会化工作的一支重要力量,并在日常消防管理工作中发挥着举足轻重的作用。在我国,志愿消防队伍不是很健全,还停留在初期阶段,对志愿消防队伍的建设、管理等一系列问题,还有待于进一步加强和完善。笔者现介绍部分国家的志愿消防情况,希望能对我国的志愿消防工作有所借鉴。