阿图什氧化塘污水处理效果分析

为了解阿图什氧化塘的污水处理效果,分别于2007年3月和6月对该氧化塘的进、出水水质进行了监测.结果表明:阿图什氧化塘对挥发酚、生化需氧量、氨氮、化学需氧量、悬浮物的去除率较高,达50%以上,而对磷和部分重金属的去除率小于30%,比较低;氧化塘的污水处理效果夏季好于春季;氧化塘出水水质没有完全达到<农田灌溉水质标准>(GB 5084-92)中的旱作标准,与设计要求有一定差距,而且与国家相关排放标准相比,也存在较大差距,但处理后的污水适合外排用于灌溉荒漠植被和经济林,而且可产生良好的生态效益和经济效益.     

有机物多相光催化降解反应中催化剂固定化技术研究

以ＴｉＣｌ４和异丙醇为原料,通过化学反应将钛组分以键合方式引入载体多孔硅胶颗粒的表面,经高温处理提高活性,制备出的催化剂以甲基检溶液的脱色反应有很好的光催化活性,与相同量的粉末ＴｉＯ２作用相比,活性升高,经分析测定催化剂颗粒上有３１．０５％的钛成分且表面仍保持硅胶颗粒的骨架结构,具有大比表面和高分散性的优点,利用该方法即可以制备大颗粒载体型ＴｉＯ２催化剂,也可能进一步解决用于实际太阳光废水处理装置     

光催化氧化与生物氧化组合技术对染料化合物降解研究

将多相光催化氧化法与生物氧化法相结合，探讨两种组合技术对染料化合物的降解。实验选用100ppm的甲基橙和典型实验溶液，适当配以一定浓度范围的生活污水，以保证生物菌种的生存条件。实验结果证明先生物氧化、后光催化氧化是一种比较好的组合方式，24h生物氧化，溶液COD去除达69．68％，色度去除达22．39％，随后光催化氧化1h，COD去除达84．65％，色度去除达91．31％。由此说明，这种组合方式可以体现出两种反应的互补性，尤其对生化处理后的残留色度有明显的改善。     

洱海湖滨带生态修复设计原则与工程模式

以洱海湖滨带为研究对象,探讨了湖滨带生态修复的原则和设计方法.在分析洱海湖滨带生态现状的基础上,对湖滨带类型进行了分类,提出了湖滨带的修复目标和设计方法,并对全系列和半系列的湖滨带生态修复进行了物理基底、生态恢复和景观结构设计.根据湖滨带的生态环境功能和人类对湖滨带的利用,探讨了洱海湖滨带生态修复的 8 种适用模式.     

O3-BAC-Cl2: A multi-barrier process controlling the regrowth of opportunistic waterborne pathogens in drinking water distribution systems

Simulated drinking water distribution system (DWDS) treated with O₃-BAC-Cl₂ (ozone-biological activated carbon-chlorine) was constructed to study its effects on the regrowth of five typical opportunistic pathogens (OPs). It was found that O₃-BAC-Cl₂ could significantly reduce the regrowth of target OPs in the effluents of DWDS compared with Cl₂ and O₃-Cl₂ with the same residual chlorine levels. However, the effect of O₃-BAC-Cl₂ on the average numbers of target OPs gene markers in the biofilms of DWDS was not apparent, suggesting that OPs in the biofilms of DWDS were tolerant to the upstream disinfection process. The quantification of target OPs in the BAC-filter column demonstrated that OPs decreased with the increase of depth, which was likely due to the organic nutrient gradient and microbial competition inside the BAC-filter. Increase in the ozone dose could further reduce the OPs at the bottom of the BAC-filter. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that some significant correlations existed between target microorganisms, suggesting potential microbial ecological relationships. Overall, our results demonstrated that the BAC-filter may act as a “battlefield” suppressing the OPs through microbial competition. O₃-BAC-Cl₂ could be an effective multi-barrier process to suppress the proliferation of OPs in the bulk water of DWDS. However, OPs protected by the biofilms of DWDS should receive further attention because OPs may be detached and released from the biofilms.     

武汉市“菜篮子”种植基地生态环境质量调查监测分析

城市"菜篮子"基地环境质量直接关系到食品安全。文章依据国家环境总站要求对本市"菜篮子"无公害蔬菜基地进行了综合环境质量调查监测,结合武汉市蔬莱生产基地生产环境创建过程中积累经验和存在的问题,通过调查分析,重点探讨了"菜篮子"基地环境受到污染的现象和主要途径,并提出了切实可行的改进措施。     

薄荷化感物质的作用及其初步分离

以小麦(Triticum aestivum)、青菜(Brassica chinensis)和萝卜(Raphanus sativus)3种作物为受体，对薄荷(Mentha Haplocalyx)化感物质的作用进行了研究．结果表明：薄荷根分泌物显著促进小麦幼苗和幼根的生长，显著抑制青菜幼苗和幼根生长，显著促进萝卜幼苗而抑制其幼根生长．薄荷地上部分水浸液显著抑制青菜、萝卜的种子萌发和幼苗、幼根的生长；萝卜比青菜更敏感，幼根比幼苗更敏感；随着化感物质浓度的降低，抑制作用逐渐减弱、消失，甚至转变为促进作用．水浸液经氯仿、石油醚萃取后，剩余水相浓度变小、水势升高，但其抑制作用反而更加强烈．这说明，这种极其强烈的抑制作用不是低水势而是化感物质造成的；而且，剩余水相的抑制作用被同样具有抑制作用的石油醚相和氯仿相组分所削弱。即化感组分之间存在拮抗作用．剩余水相经大孔树脂进一步分离得到的3个组分都极显著地促进青菜幼苗的生长．这表明，水相强烈的抑制作用是由起极显著促进作用的3个组分的混合物产生的，且排除了水势降低的影响．但组分2显著抑制青菜、萝卜种子的萌发和幼根的生长．图2表4参26     

拉鲁湿地生态环境及动植物物种资源变化特征研究

2001～2002年对拉鲁湿地近50年(1951～2000年)生态环境和动植物资源变化特征的研究结果表明:受近50年拉萨城市发展、资源开采等人类活动的影响,拉鲁湿地的面积、水环境、植物种类、植物群落和动物物种均较20世纪50年代初期(早期)发生了较为显著的变化。其主要变化特征为:①湿地面积由早期的12km²锐减为6.2km²;②湿地由终年积水演变成季节性积水,水位梯度也由早期的0.3～0.8m增大为0～1.5m;③湿地植物物种在数量上较早期增加了13科31属32种,但原生的湿生植物物种却有所下降;④湿地植物群落已由早期芦苇和苔草群落占绝对优势的状况演变为多种植物群落共生的格局;⑤湿地鸟类和鱼类的种类及数量变化显著,目前湿地中鸟类常见物种仅剩5种,鱼类仅剩鲫鱼和鲤鱼2种,且均为人工放养的外来鱼种。     

镜泊湖沉积物各形态磷分布特征及释放贡献

将镜泊湖分为北部湖区、中部湖区、东部湖区、西部湖区、南部湖区共设置23个表层沉积物采样点和10个沉积柱芯采样点,采用The Standards,Measurements and Testing Programme （SMT）法测定沉积物中总磷（TP）、无机磷（IP）、有机磷（OP）、铁/铝结合态磷（NaOH-P）、钙结合态磷（HCl-P）.分析镜泊湖沉积物各形态磷的来源、空间分布特征和对磷释放的贡献.结果表明,镜泊湖湖区沉积物各形态磷有3个主要成分,其中成分1主要代表生活污水和工业废水,主成分2主要代表农业污染,主成分3主要代表碎屑岩、自生磷灰石和含磷矿物质等;镜泊湖沉积物各形态磷的空间分布具有一定的空间差异性,分布特征受镜泊湖水文特征和人类活动影响较大.湖区沉积物各形态磷含量整体而言随深度的增加不同程度的下降;对沉积物不同形态磷的磷释放贡献进行分析,分析表明,镜泊湖各湖区沉积物短时间尺度内以滞留为主,但在长时间尺度下具有一定的释放风险.     

Mechanism of ball milled activated carbon in improving the desalination performance of flow- and fixed-electrode in capacitive deionization desalination

● BACs were used in electrode material for both fixed and flowing electrodes. ● ASAR of FCDI and MCDI was improved by 134% and 17%, respectively. ● ENRS of FCDI and MCDI was improved by 21% and 53%. ● The mechanism of improving desalination performance was analyzed in detail. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a novel electrochemical water-treatment technology. The electrode material is an important factor in determining the ion separation efficiency. Activated carbon (AC) is extensively used as an electrode material; however, there are still many deficiencies in commercial AC. We adopted a simple processing method, ball milling, to produce ball milled AC (BAC) to improve the physical and electrochemical properties of the original AC and desalination efficiency. The BAC was characterized in detail and used for membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) and flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) electrode materials. After ball milling, the BAC obtained excellent pore structures and favorable surfaces for ion adsorption, which reduced electron transfer resistance and ion migration resistance in the electrodes. The optimal ball-milling time was 10 h. However, the improved effects of BAC as fixed electrodes and flow electrodes are different and the related mechanisms are discussed in detail. The average salt adsorption rates (ASAR) of FCDI and MCDI were improved by 134% and 17%, respectively, and the energy-normalized removal salt (ENRS) were enhanced by 21% and 53%, respectively. We believe that simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly BAC has great potential for practical engineering applications of FCDI and MCDI.