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131.
This study examined the toxicological interaction between glyphosate (or its formulation, Roundup) and several heavy metals to a freshwater cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia. We demonstrated that all binary combinations of Roundup and metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) exhibited "less than additive" mixture toxicity, with 48-h LC50 toxic unit > 1. Addition of glyphosate alone could significantly reduce the acute toxicity of Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn (but not Hg and Se). The ratio between glyphosate and metal ions was important in determining the mitigation of metal toxicity by glyphosate. A bioaccumulation study showed that in the presence of glyphosate the uptake of some metals (e.g. Ag) was halted but that of others (e.g. Hg) was increased significantly. Therefore, our study strongly suggests that glyphosate and its commercial formulations can control the toxicity as well as the bioavailability of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems where both groups of chemicals can co-occur. 相似文献
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等离子体协同光催化去除模拟烟气中SO2的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,低温等离子体技术以及纳米TiO2光催化技术在烟气脱硫中的应用越来越引起人们的关注。利用填充床反应器将这2种技术有机地结合起来,进行了大量脱硫实验研究。研究结果表明,等离子体协同光催化去除烟气中的SO2与单独采用等离子体技术相比,其SO2的去除率可提高5%~20%。同时,探讨了等离子体协同TiO2光催化剂的脱硫机理,分别研究了外加电压、气体流量和SO2初始浓度等因素对脱硫效率的影响。实验结果表明,当SO2初始浓度为800 mg/m3,输入电压为17.5 kV,气体流量为0.2 m3/h时,SO2脱除率可以达到77.6%。 相似文献
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Chu W 《Chemosphere》2001,44(5):935-941
The photodecay of herbicide 2,4-D in a hydrogen peroxide-aided photolysis process was studied and modeled. The decay rate of 2,4-D was known to be low in the natural environment, but rate improvement was achieved in an H2O2/UV system. The 2,4-D decay quantum yields under ultraviolet (UV) light at 253.7 nm increased from 4.86 x 10(-6) to 1.30 x 10(-4) as the ratio of [H2O2]/[2,4-D] increased from 0.05 to 12.5. Apparently, in the presence of UV light, the decay rate of 2,4-D could be greatly improved as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increased. However, the efficiency of 2,4-D photodecay was retarded if the concentration of H2O2 was overdosed, because the excess hydrogen peroxide consumes the hydroxyl radicals (HO*) in the solution, resulting in a much weaker oxidant HO2*. The decay of 2,4-D was also pH dependent. A ranking of acid (highest), base (middle) and neutral (lowest) was observed owing to the property change of reactants and the shifting of dominant mechanisms among photolysis, photohydrolysis and chemical oxidation. Two mathematical models were proposed to predict the quantum yield for various [H2O2]/[2,4-D] ratios and initial pH levels, in which very good correlation was found for the ranges of regular application. 相似文献
136.
I Chu D C Villeneuve V Secours V E Valli 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1989,24(5):493-508
Chlorinated diphenyl ethers are environmental contaminants that have been found in Great Lakes fish and birds. Because of their presence in the food chain, and potential for human exposure, the present short-term study was conducted to assess their toxicity. Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were each given by gavage 2,2',4,4'6-pentachlorodiphenyl ether (CDE1), 2,2',4,4',5,6-hexachlorodiphenyl ether (CDE2) or 2,2',3,3',4,6'-hexachlorodiphenyl ether (CDE3) at dose levels of 0.04, 0.4, 4.0 or 40 mg/kg b.w./day for a period of 28 days. The control group received an equivalent volume of corn oil only (0.5 ml/100 g b.w.). Treatment with the three CDE congeners did not result in suppression of growth rate or food consumption. Increased liver weights were seen in the animals of both sexes fed 40 mg/kg CDE2, in males treated with 40 mg/kg CDE1, and in females with 40 mg/kg CDE3. Hepatic microsomal aminopyrine demethylase activity was significantly higher in the male rats administered 40 mg/kg CDE2, and aniline hydroxylase activity was elevated in the females following the same treatment. Serum glucose, calcium, protein and urea nitrogen of CDE1-treated males were higher than the control. Levels of uric acid, potassium and LDH of CDE3-treated females were also elevated. No hematological changes were observed. Histological examination revealed that the liver and thyroid were the target organs affected by CDE treatment but the morphological changes were mild even at the highest dose level. Changes in the liver consisted of nuclear vesiculation and increased cytoplasmic volume. Alterations in the thyroid were characterized by increased epithelial height and follicular collapse. Based on the data presented above, the 3 CDE congeners can only be considered moderately toxic in the rat. 相似文献
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139.
沉床微生态控制体对水体TP及COD的去除率研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
针对水体富营养化的生态逆境,以个体沉床微生态作为研究的基本单元。即通过控制其非生物和生物成分,局部构建以满足水生植物适生环境为核心的水体生态结构体,由个体到总体,以点带面,从而实现总体生态功能目标的恢复。此法融合了恢复生态学人为设计、自我设计理论,并突出人为干预的主导作用。通过沉床微生态控制体改善水质的正交试验,运用数量化理论分析方法,筛选出最佳组合为陶粒箱+页岩+金钱蒲+雨久花,在静态时TP的去除率可达到(76.6±1.17)%,COD的去除率达到(37.4±2.27)%;在动态时TP的去除率可达到(39.5±1.17)%,COD的去除率达到(16.03±1.41)%。其显著性与可靠性均达到95%以上,此结果可作为两种水体恢复应用时的参考。 相似文献
140.
废水生物强化中基因工程菌的流失和环境生存状况研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
在废水生物强化处理中,基因工程菌从生物反应器向环境的流失会造成潜在生态风险.在传统活性污泥法反应器(CAS)和膜一生物反应器(MBR)中,考察了1株降解阿特拉津基因工程菌的流失和流失后在模拟自然环境中的生存状况.结果表明,基因工程菌在接种初期从反应器中流失的密度最大.在接种密度为1010CFU/mL时,CAS的最大流失密度接近接种密度,MBR的最大流失密度仅有102CFU/mL.在模拟自然环境中,流失密度是决定基因工程菌生存状况的主要因素.在CAS出水1010CFU/mL流失密度下,高种群密度基因工程菌在水体和土壤中生存时间较长(30 d以上),潜在生态风险较高;在MBR出水102CFU/mL流失密度下.基因工程菌在水体和土壤中很快衰亡,潜在生态风险较小.环境条件对基因工程菌生存状况具有影响,提高土壤的含水率、有机质含量以及环境选择压力的存在有利于基因工程菌生存. 相似文献