柚皮的综合利用及色素稳定性研究

设计了一套柚皮综合利用的方法,分别用水蒸气地和混合盐析法提取其中的香油、色素、果胶,并对柚皮红棕色素的稳定性作了研究。结果发现该色素在酸性条件下非常稳定,有机酸、糖类及Mg^2 等对该色素影响不大。本研究可为柚皮资源的开发利用提供重要的理论依据和方法。     

Effects of the insect growth regulator (S)-methoprene on survival and reproduction of the freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa

This study examines the acute and chronic effects of the insecticide (S)-methoprene on the survival and reproduction of the freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa. In laboratory toxicity tests, the 24- and 48-h LC50 values for (S)-methoprene were 0.51 and 0.34 mg litre(-1), respectively. Survival, longevity and fecundity were reduced at 0.05 mg litre(-1) and higher concentrations. At 0.005 and 0.01 mg litre(-1), longevity and fecundity increased slightly as compared to control animals. If environmental concentrations of methoprene do not exceed 0.05 mg litre(-1), as is generally the case, application of this insecticide is unlikely to induce detrimental effects on natural cladoceran populations. The stimulatory effect of very low levels of methoprene on reproductive performance is consistent with the hypothesis of a regulatory role of juvenile hormone-like compounds in crustacean reproduction.     

利用高温废气治理焦化酚氰污水项目实践

阐述了利用焦炉、窑炉、电厂等高温废气处理焦化污水的理论及工业实践,该工艺具有投资省、运行费用低的突出优点.     

云天化3#循环流化床锅炉项目技术经济分析

云天化股份公司在2004年建造了3#循环流化床锅炉，以煤代气。它可以缓解公司原料天然气的紧张状况，并能带来很大的经济效益。从技术经济的角度对该项目的技术先进性、可靠性及内部收益率、投资回收期、净现值等技术指标进行了分析。     

冲天炉除尘循环水的处理

介绍冲天炉除尘洗涤循环水处理工艺过程，包括絮凝沉淀，SO2的吸收，循环水冷却、水质稳定，污泥脱水等过程。     

黄河拉西瓦水电站建设对区域景观格局的影响

本根据水利水电工程对景观格局的影响特征,从拼块类型尺度和景观尺度选出优势度、多样性、均匀度、分离度等8个能全面反映景观格局变化的数量化指数,完善了水利水电工程环境影响评价内容。以黄河拉西瓦水电站为例,对该区域LandsatTM7图像解译和GIS处理,结合工程设计规划,绘制建设前后区域景观格局图,建立空间信息数据库,计算各景观指数,分析其变化趋势。结果表明,黄河拉西瓦水电站区域有16种景观类型,分别属于6种生态系统,拼块类型多样,景观格局复杂,其中草地景观优势度最高,接近80％;建成后拼块类型的景观比例、密度、优势度、分离度等都有一定变化;景观均匀度、多样性指数和人为干扰强度都相应增加。总体上,景观格局没有发生大的变化,区域生态系统的功能和性质也不会改变。     

炮采放顶煤采空区自然发火的数值模拟应用

针对炮采放顶煤开采采空区容易发生自燃问题，基于漏风渗流方程、气体渗流一扩散-氧消耗方程，建立了采空区自然发火非稳定数值模型，采空区按非均质考虑，耗氧汇按煤矸氧化和瓦斯涌出稀释两方面综合考虑，用有限元数值方法联立求解模型。结合羊草沟矿实例，通过该矿自然发火后来的测试区的现场实测结果，拟合反演得到采空区煤的耗氧速度、瓦斯涌出强度和渗透特征参数，用确定的模型分析了前段出现自然发火的原因；描绘了炮采放顶煤开采时采空区冷却带、自燃带和窒息带等三带的形状，指出冒落压实的不均衡的非均质采空区，自燃点在偏人风一侧。用三带划分理论讨论了工作面参数（风量、推进度、控顶距）同自燃的量化关系，提出了从根本上预防采空区自然发火的途径与方法。     

Control of aliphatic halogenated DBP precursors with multiple drinking water treatment processes: Formation potential and integrated toxicity

The comprehensive control efficiency for the formation potentials(FPs) of a range of regulated and unregulated halogenated disinfection by-products(DBPs)(including carbonaceous DBPs(C-DBPs), nitrogenous DBPs(N-DBPs), and iodinated DBPs(I-DBPs)) with the multiple drinking water treatment processes, including pre-ozonation, conventional treatment(coagulation–sedimentation, pre-sand filtration), ozone-biological activated carbon(O_3-BAC) advanced treatment, and post-sand filtration, was investigated. The potential toxic risks of DBPs by combing their FPs and toxicity values were also evaluated.The results showed that the multiple drinking water treatment processes had superior performance in removing organic/inorganic precursors and reducing the formation of a range of halogenated DBPs. Therein, ozonation significantly removed bromide and iodide,and thus reduced the formation of brominated and iodinated DBPs. The removal of organic carbon and nitrogen precursors by the conventional treatment processes was substantially improved by O_3-BAC advanced treatment, and thus prevented the formation of chlorinated C-DBPs and N-DBPs. However, BAC filtration leads to the increased formation of brominated C-DBPs and N-DBPs due to the increase of bromide/DOC and bromide/DON.After the whole multiple treatment processes, the rank order for integrated toxic risk values caused by these halogenated DBPs was haloacetonitriles(HANs)》haloacetamides(HAMs) haloacetic acids(HAAs) trihalomethanes(THMs) halonitromethanes(HNMs) 》I-DBPs(I-HAMs and I-THMs). I-DBPs failed to cause high integrated toxic risk because of their very low FPs. The significant higher integrated toxic risk value caused by HANs than other halogenated DBPs cannot be ignored.     

2003-2007年广州市生态足迹动态研究

生态足迹是近年发展的用于定量研究和判断一个国家或地区可持续发展状况的新方法。本文在简要介绍生态足迹的概念与计算模型基础上,定量研究了广州市2003年-2007年五年间的生态足迹和生态承载力变化规律和特征,并分析其原因。结果表明：五年间广州市人均生态足迹分别为2003年1.701 6 ha,2004年1.930 9 ha,2005年2.039 3 ha,2006年2.095 8 ha,2007年2.247 1 ha;人均生态承载力依次为2003年0.263 2ha,2004年0.259 1 ha,2005年0.253 9 ha,2006年0.238 7 ha,2007年0.216 2 ha;生态赤字呈逐年增加的趋势,从2003年的1.438 4 ha上升到2007年的2.030 9 ha,根据计算得到的广州市生态赤字的现状值,分析了生态赤字的成因,为广州市可持续发展提供生态承载力的参考指标。