PVDF超滤膜进行聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PEGMA)紫外光照射接枝的膜面表征与抗污染分析

本文采用紫外光照射接枝的方法将聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PEGMA)亲水单体接枝在疏水性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜表面,改善PVDF膜的亲水性能.实验中以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂作为对比,发现添加MBAA可以减少PEG接枝层的溶胀性.本实验研究不同改性条件对膜性能的影响,利用表面接触角(CA)、红外光谱分析(ATR-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段表征膜表面特征,同时研究了改性膜对乳化油和牛血清蛋白溶液分离效率和抗污染能力.实验结果表明,经改性后膜亲水性明显提高,对污染物的截留效果和抗污染能力均有所提高.     

采煤沉陷积水区地表水与浅层地下水的氮、磷动态及相关性

根据2012年11月至2013年9月的9次监测数据,分析了淮南潘集开放型和封闭型沉陷区地表水与浅层地下水中氮、磷时间分布特征;通过相关性分析揭示了各类水体内氮、磷之间的响应关系和运移特征;通过各形态氮、磷比对研究区水体营养状态进行了限制性分析.结果表明,两类沉陷积水区内氮、磷时间分布存在一定差异,主要影响因素有降雨、周围农业面源输入、外部河流的互相补给等;各类水体内氮、磷之间均存在不同程度的响应,封闭型沉陷区地表水与浅层地下水中氮、磷响应关系更强;两类沉陷积水区均属磷限制性水体.     

茶叶中高氯酸盐的离子色谱串联质谱分析

本研究建立了茶叶中高氯酸盐的离子色谱串联质谱分析方法.对样品前处理方法进行了优化,结果表明用20 mL高纯水振荡提取15 min,重复3次,第3次高氯酸盐浸出量仅为总浸出量的2.3％-3.0％,因此可认为茶叶经3次浸提后高氯酸盐浸出接近完全.样品萃取液选用AS20色谱柱进行分离和电喷雾串联质谱(ESI-MS/MS)检测...     

A facile hydrothermal method–fabricated robust and ultralight weight cellulose nanocrystal-based hydro/aerogels for metal ion removal

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metal ion contamination, in particular that associated with Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+, poses a considerable threat to aquatic environments and human...     

工业复杂污水综合处理技术研究与应用

普光天然气净化厂在运行中排出的大量污泥、检修中产生的大量成分复杂污水,是困扰下游污水处理的重大难题。文章进行了复杂污水存储技术研究,污水预处理技术研究,污水回收利用技术研究,泥水分离技术研究。文章优化污水存储方案,提升存储空间,解决了净化厂检修污水排放集中、排放量大的难题;组合PAC药剂加注+连续曝气污水预处理工艺技术,最大程度上降低了SBR池处理负担;使外排水满足循环冷却水补水水质要求,实现了外排水的有效回收利用;实现了泥水高效分离,极大降低了污泥处置和运输费用。     

膨胀颗粒污泥床-接触氧化法处理棕榈油废水

采用膨胀颗粒污泥床（EGSB）-接触氧化工艺处理棕榈油废水。考察了该工艺对废水COD、固体悬浮物（SS）、有机氮等的去除效果,关键工艺参数,同时探讨了盐浓度对废水生物处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,该组合工艺COD去除率高于95％,BOD,和SS去除率均高于98％,油脂去除率高于90％,有机氮去除率82％,处理后的出水满足马来西亚回灌水国家标准。因出水中含大量的钾,将其用于农田灌溉时,不仅可减少肥料的用量,而且可减少对环境的污染。     

Shift of microbial diversity and function in high-efficiency performance biotrickling filter for gaseous xylene treatment

ABSTRACT

Xylene is the main component of many volatile industrial pollution sources, and the use of biotechnology to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has become a growing trend. In this study, a biotrickling filter for gaseous xylene treatment was developed using activated sludge as raw material to study the biodegradation process of xylene. Reaction conditions were optimized, and long-term operation was performed. The optimal pH was 7.0, gas-liquid ratio was 15:1 (v/v), and temperature was 25 °C. High-throughput sequencing technique was carried out to analyze microbial communities in the top, middle, and bottom layers of the reactor. Characteristics of microbial diversity were elucidated, and microbial functions were predicted. The result showed that the removal efficiency (RE) was stable at 86%–91%, the maximum elimination capacity (EC) was 303.61 g·m^?3·hr^?1, residence time was 33.75 sec, and the initial inlet xylene concentration was 3000 mg·m^?3, which was the highest known degradation concentration reported. Kinetic analysis of the xylene degradation indicated that it was a very high-efficiency-activity bioprocess. The r_max was 1059.8 g·m^?3·hr^?1, and K_s value was 4.78 g·m^?3 in stationary phase. In addition, microbial community structures in the bottom and top layers were significantly different: Pseudomonas was the dominant genus in the bottom layer, whereas Sphingobium was dominant in the top layer. The results showed that intermediate metabolites of xylene could affect the distribution of community structure. Pseudomonas sp. can adapt to high concentration xylene–contaminated environments.

Implications: We combined domesticated active sludge and reinforced microbial agent on biotrickling filter. This system performed continuously under a reduced residence time at 33.75 sec and high elimination capacity at 303.61 g·m^?3·hr^?1 in the biotrickling reactor for about 260 days. In this case, predomestication combined with reinforcing of microorganisms was very important to obtaining high-efficiency results. Analysis of microbial diversity and functional prediction indicated a gradient distribution along with the concentration of xylene. This implied a rational design of microbial reagent and optimizing the inoculation of different sites of reactor could reduce the preparation period of the technology.     

天然气处理站节能减排措施研究与应用

新疆油田公司采油二厂81~#天然气处理站为解决天然气放空所造成的能源浪费及对大气环境的污染,对原工艺流程进行优化改造。文章介绍该处理站各套装置运行特点,分析了天然气放空的几种原因,并通过两个增压站停机检修期间流程改造、罐区天然气放空线改造、检修期间2套浅冷装置的流程优化等针对性措施,全年累计减少天然气放空3000×10~4Nm~3左右,增加经济效益约3000万元,同时减少H_2S排放约524 kg。     

A global prospective of environmental degradations: economy and finance

Finance plays a crucial role in a fast-growing economy that can lead to environmental degradation. The present study utilizes balanced panel data of 105 countries for the time span 1980–2016 to investigate empirical linkage among environmental degradations: economy and finance. It also unfolds the nonlinear impact of economy and finance on environmental degradation. Existing literature on environmental issues mainly focuses on individual case studies uncovering particular regions, but the comprehensive analysis is not available. To fill this gap, panels were classified into five divisions: global, regional, income-based, OECD-based, and carbon emission. The cross-sectional dependence test is applied to identify the degree of cross-sectional dependence among concerned 16 divisions. The second-generation panel models (CADF and Westerlund cointegration, DOLS, and DH heterogenous causality) are employed on a sample set to compute to unit root, cointegration, and long-run and short-run dynamics among concerned variables, respectively. The findings infer the inverted EKC and U-shaped EKC in 10 and 3 out of 16 divisions with respect to environmental degradation—economy nexus, respectively, while 8 and 2 out of 16 divisions indicate the inverted EKC and U-shaped EKC, respectively, in terms of environmental degradation—finance nexus. In 12 out of 16 divisions, the energy consumption uplifts the CO₂ emissions. The DH causality affirmed a bidirectional causality among economy, finance, and energy consumption, respectively.

     

International food trade reduces environmental effects of nitrogen pollution in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The globalization of agricultural trade has dramatically altered global nitrogen flows by changing the spatial pattern of nitrogen utilization and...