生活垃圾卫生填埋场环境影响评价的几个要点

垃圾填埋场是废物污染治理工程,同时也对自然环境及社会环境有明显而长久的负面影响.在垃圾场选址和建设之前做好环境影响评价,对有效防止填埋场对环境的污染就显得非常重要.文章结合实践经验,论述了垃圾填埋场环境影响评价工作的几个要点.     

吸附—光催化氧化法处理模拟亚甲基蓝废水

以粉煤灰基沸石为载体制备TiO2/沸石光催化剂,采用SEM和XRD对产物进行表征,并考察其对模似废水中亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解活性及再生后的催化性能.实验结果表明:光催化剂中的TiO2主要为锐钛矿晶型;MB降解过程遵循—级Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程;当光照时间为3h、MB质量浓度为10 mg/L、废水pH为7、TiO2/沸石加入量为1.5 g/L时,MB废水的脱色率可达96.46％;经200 W超声波、450℃热再生处理40 min后,再生催化剂对废水的脱色率为73.04％;再生催化剂重复使用8次后,废水脱色率仍可达43.27％.     

基于GIS的煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测管理系统的研究

运用地理信息系统(GIS)设计开发了煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测管理系统。系统采用了SuperMap平台和SQLServer 2005数据库管理系统,并采用VC++6.0可视化开发环境进行开发,将地理信息技术和煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测结合起来,可以实现煤与瓦斯突出预测的信息管理及预测,为提高贵州煤矿企业的安全生产提供有力的技术支持,降低事故发生的概率。     

γ辐照降解六氯苯(HCB)的研究

研究了在不同溶剂体系及不同浓度添加物的联合作用下,六氯苯经γ射线辐照的降解.结果表明,六氯苯在丙酮和水混合溶剂中能得到有效降解,最大降解率达93%,在正己烷溶剂中也有部分降解,多数生成五氯苯.CO2-3与H2O2提高六氯苯的降解效率,TritonX 100、NO-2降低六氯苯的降解效率,且浓度越大作用越明显.3与NO-     

Fe/AC非均相Fenton体系降解BPA

采用常规浸渍法制备和超声浸渍法制备活性炭载铁催化剂,作为非均相Fenton反应的催化剂。采用电镜扫描和能谱分析对催化剂的形貌特性进行分析,以双酚A为目标降解物,考察催化剂的降解性能。结果表明,超声浸渍法制备的催化剂,活性组分含量高,在载体表面负载均匀,催化剂性能稳定。催化剂用量为2 g/L,H2O2浓度为0.06 mol/L,p H值为6的条件下,催化降解BPA的效率达90%。     

吹扫捕集-GC/MS法测定南宁市竹排冲黑臭河道水体嗅味物质

利用吹扫捕集-GC/MS法对引起南宁市竹排冲河道水体黑臭的嗅味物质进行检测分析。结果表明,导致竹排冲水体黑臭的嗅味物质主要为苯系物、硫类化合物和氯苯类化合物,其中甲硫醚(相对含量1.70%)、二甲基二硫醚(相对含量3.19%)、甲基丙基二硫醚(相对含量6.11%)等挥发性有机物为竹排冲水体中的主要致嗅物质,是竹排冲水体嗅味产生的主要原因。     

粉煤灰基沸石对亚甲基蓝和Cr(Ⅲ)的共吸附行为——Ⅰ. 吸附动力学和吸附热力学

以粉煤灰为原料,采用优化改进的水热晶化一步法合成沸石。借助FTIR、XRD和SEM对沸石理化特性进行表征,分析水中双组分污染物亚甲基蓝（MB）和Cr（Ⅲ）的共吸附去除特性。结果表明,合成沸石产物呈菱形或多面体形,在XRD图谱中可见NaP1型沸石特征峰。共吸附过程为准二级反应,以化学吸附为速率控制步骤。Langmuir和Freundlich等温线方程都能有效地描述反应过程,298 K条件下,沸石对MB和Cr（Ⅲ）的理论最大吸附量分别为7.8186 mg/g和8.8889 mg/g。吸附过程自发、吸热,反应后体系自由度降低,推测吸附位点的直接竞争为MB和Cr（Ⅲ）去除的主导机制之一。     

复合沸石滤料的制备及其性能测试

以活化后的天然斜发沸石为主要原料,添加粘合剂、成孔剂等制备出孔隙率高、比表面积大的球型复合沸石滤料。通过正交实验得到最优工艺组合条件为ω沸石粉∶ω粘合剂∶ω成孔剂=55%∶35%∶10%,活化温度为150℃,活化时间为3 h。制备的成品堆积密度为674 kg/m3,筒压强度为4.32 MPa,显气孔率59.02%。较陶粒相比,该滤料用于曝气生物滤池在挂膜启动与稳定运行阶段,均具有较高的氨氮去除效果,且挂膜微生物量高,更适宜作为曝气生物滤池的载体。     

污泥渗水砖的制备研究

结合压制成型和传统的烧结砖工艺,实验以城市生活污泥、黄河淤泥、煤矸石及砂为原料,制备渗水铺地砖。通过正交试验得到最优工艺参数为w_{(黄河淤泥)}∶ww_(煤矸石)∶w_(污泥)∶w_(砂)＝33％∶22％∶15％∶30％、成型压力为20 MPa、烧结温度为1 100℃、保温时间为1.5 h,骨料砂的粒径为1～2 mm。制备的成品抗压强度为21.8 MPa,渗水系数为1.03×10^－2 cm/s。并对成型压力及烧结温度对渗水砖抗压强度及渗水系数的影响进行了讨论。     

A new method for water quality assessment: by harmony degree equation

Water quality assessment is an important basic work in the development, utilization, management, and protection of water resources, and also a prerequisite for water safety. In this paper, the harmony degree equation (HDE) was introduced into the research of water quality assessment, and a new method for water quality assessment was proposed according to the HDE: by harmony degree equation (WQA-HDE). First of all, the calculation steps and ideas of this method were described in detail, and then, this method with some other important methods of water quality assessment (single factor assessment method, mean-type comprehensive index assessment method, and multi-level gray correlation assessment method) were used to assess the water quality of the Shaying River (the largest tributary of the Huaihe in China). For this purpose, 2 years (2013–2014) dataset of nine water quality variables covering seven monitoring sites, and approximately 189 observations were used to compare and analyze the characteristics and advantages of the new method. The results showed that the calculation steps of WQA-HDE are similar to the comprehensive assessment method, and WQA-HDE is more operational comparing with the results of other water quality assessment methods. In addition, this new method shows good flexibility by setting the judgment criteria value HD₀ of water quality; when HD₀?=?0.8, the results are closer to reality, and more realistic and reliable. Particularly, when HD₀?=?1, the results of WQA-HDE are consistent with the single factor assessment method, both methods are subject to the most stringent “one vote veto” judgment condition. So, WQA-HDE is a composite method that combines the single factor assessment and comprehensive assessment. This research not only broadens the research field of theoretical method system of harmony theory but also promotes the unity of water quality assessment method and can be used for reference in other comprehensive assessment.