Enhanced phytoextraction of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd with EDTA and EDDS

Chemically enhanced phytoextraction has been proposed as an effective approach to removing heavy metals from contaminated soil through the use of high biomass plants. Using pot experiments, the effects of the application of EDTA, EDDS and citric acid on the uptake of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd by corn (Zea mays L. cv. Nongda 108) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. white bean) plants were studied. The results showed that EDDS was more effective than EDTA at increasing the concentration of Cu in corn and beans. The application of 5 mmol kg-1 soil EDDS to soil significantly increased concentrations of Cu in shoots, with maximum levels of 2060 and 5130 mg kg-1 DW in corn and beans, respectively, which were 45- and 135-fold higher than that in the corresponding control plants to which chelate had not been applied. Concentrations of Zn in shoots were also higher in the plants treated with EDDS than in those treated with EDTA. For Pb and Cd, EDDS was less effective than EDTA. The maximum Cu phytoextraction was found with the EDDS treatment. The application of EDTA and EDDS also significantly increased the shoot-to-root ratios of the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in both plant species. The results of metal extraction with chelates showed that EDDS was more efficient at solubilizing Cu and Zn than EDTA, and that EDTA was better at solubilizing Pb and Cd than EDDS.     

汽车板用热镀锌生产环保问题分析研究

以国内某钢铁厂一条汽车板用热镀锌生产线为例,通过生产工艺流程介绍,从环境保护角度逐一分析各生产环节的产污节点.根据现行环保技术,列举废气、废水等污染源的防治措施,对生产中存在的环境风险进行分析,并提出几个值得关注的问题,主要有钝化工艺含铬废水的处理方式、退火炉的节能减排措施、锌渣的再利用、气刀设备的噪声控制,以期为今后汽车板用热镀锌板生产项目的环境影响评价工作提供借鉴.     

项目管理在大型环境整治工程建设中的重要性研究

随着现代工程专业化水平和复杂程度的日益增长,高质量的项目管理已经成为目前大型工程顺利建成的重要保障之一。本文以苏州河环境整治工程项目管理工作为基础,通过对现代工程项目管理特点和重要性进行梳理、分析,论述了项目管理对大型工程的重要性,并根据实际工作经验,从项目信息管理、工作量统计、文明施工管理、工程档案管理等方面入手,成功完成该项目建设任务。结合所得工作成果,提出下一阶段项目管理工作的改进建议,所得成果极具现实意义。     

城市污水一级强化处理工艺——高负荷生物吸附再生法的应用研究

根据理论分析提出生物吸附-沉淀-再生的城市污水处理工艺,即高负荷生物吸附再生法.该工艺对污染物去除的作用主要包括污泥的絮凝作用、吸附作用和生物代谢作用,而以前两者的作用为主.对城市污水的生产性试验研究结果表明,该工艺能够较大程度地提高SS、COD、SCOD和BOD等污染物的去除率,具有明显的处理效果,对于西北干旱缺水地区实现污水资源化是切实可行的方法.     

Identifying stream temperature variation by coupling meteorological,hydrological, and water temperature models

In this study, we demonstrate a physically based semi-Lagrangian water temperature model known as the River Basin Model (RBM) coupled with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model and Weather Research & Forecasting Model in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). The results of this coupling compare favorably with observed water temperature data available from six river gages located in the MRB. Further sensitivity analysis indicates that the mean water temperatures may increase by 1.3, 1.5, and 1.8°C in northern, central, and southern MRB zones under a hypothetical uniform air temperature increase of 3.0°C. If air temperatures increase uniformly by 6.0°C in this scenario, then water temperatures are projected to increase by 3.3, 3.5, and 4.0°C. Lastly, downscaled air temperatures from a global climate model are used to drive the coupled VIC and RBM model from 2020 to 2099. Average stream temperatures from 2020 to 2099 increase by 1.0 to 8.0°C above 1950 to 2010 average water temperatures, with non-uniform increases along the river. In some portions of the MRB, stream temperatures could increase above survival thresholds for several native fish species, which are critical components of the stream ecosystem. In addition, increased water temperatures interact with nutrient loadings from sources throughout the MRB, which is expected to exacerbate harmful algal blooms and dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水中的百菌清

建立了顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)-气相色谱法(GC-ECD)分析饮用水中百菌清的方法。对HS-SPME的各项参数进行了优化:萃取纤维应选择弱极性的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS,100μm),水样分析前应加入一定量的H2SO4溶液和Na Cl固体,调节pH和离子强度,可显著提高萃取效率。萃取温度70℃,萃取时间30 min,搅拌速度250 r/min,解吸时间3 min。根据优化后的条件,从线性、检出限、回收率、精密度等方面对整个方法进行了验证,结果表明,该方法线性良好,相关系数大于0.999,回收率与精密度均符合要求。取样量为10.0 mL时,检出限为0.09μg/L,可完全满足饮用水分析的需要。     

在微生物燃料电池生物阴极实现硝化过程的试验研究

微生物燃料电池(MFCs)去除废水中有机物已经进行了大量研究,然而MFCs去除营养盐的能力较弱是将来产业化的障碍之一。研究了以铁锰氧化细菌为催化剂的生物阴极稳定产电的同时实现生物硝化反应的可行性以及其影响因素,并对生物阴极中的铁锰氧化细菌以及硝化细菌进行了计数。以铁锰氧化细菌为催化剂的生物阴极MFCs的启动时间为150～200h,运行稳定时,最高电压达600 mV。研究表明,该生物阴极在稳定产电的同时实现了生物硝化反应,其NO3--N的生成速率为0.792mg/(L.h),NO2--N最高质量浓度为1.56mg/L;阴极进水中NH4+-N以及DO浓度均是重要影响因素;对生物阴极中的铁锰氧化细菌以及硝化细菌计数结果表明,铁锰氧化细菌为7.5×106 MPN/mL,硝化细菌为9.3×105 MPN/mL。     

现代环境监测质量管理工作存在的问题及措施

随着人民生活水平的不断提高,对环境的要求越来越高,在这种背景下,我国越来越重视对环境的保护,国家日益重视环保事业的建设和发展,对环境监测质量的要求越来越高。如何加强环境监测质量成为了一个十分具有现实意义的问题。     

常德市地下水污染现状及防治对策

摘要：随着国民经济的快速发展和城市人口的大量增加，水资源的保护和开发利用显得日趋重要。本文通过对常德市的地下水水样进行污染综合指数评价，得出了常德市的地下水污染现状，对地下水污染源和污染途径进行了分析，提出了相应的防治建议。     

恶臭污染物的产生及处理研究进展

本文论述了硫化氢、氨、硫醇类、胺类等恶臭污染物的产生及危害,针对不同的污染物提出了物理吸附法、化学吸附法、燃烧法、低温等离子体法、生物法等治理措施.