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Simon Pooley  John E. Fa  Robert Nasi 《Conservation biology》2015,29(4):1039-1039

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A.D.M. Wilson  M. Wikelski  R.P. Wilson  S.J. Cooke 《Conservation biology》2015,29(4):1065-1075

Electronic tags (both biotelemetry and biologging platforms) have informed conservation and resource management policy and practice by providing vital information on the spatial ecology of animals and their environments. However, the extent of the contribution of biological sensors (within electronic tags) that measure an animal's state (e.g., heart rate, body temperature, and details of locomotion and energetics) is less clear. A literature review revealed that, despite a growing number of commercially available state sensor tags and enormous application potential for such devices in animal biology, there are relatively few examples of their application to conservation. Existing applications fell under 4 main themes: quantifying disturbance (e.g., ecotourism, vehicular and aircraft traffic), examining the effects of environmental change (e.g., climate change), understanding the consequences of habitat use and selection, and estimating energy expenditure. We also identified several other ways in which sensor tags could benefit conservation, such as determining the potential efficacy of management interventions. With increasing sensor diversity of commercially available platforms, less invasive attachment techniques, smaller device sizes, and more researchers embracing such technology, we suggest that biological sensor tags be considered a part of the necessary toolbox for conservation. This approach can measure (in real time) the state of free‐ranging animals and thus provide managers with objective, timely, relevant, and accurate data to inform policy and decision making.  相似文献   

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E.C. Heagney  M. Kovac  J. Fountain  N. Conner 《Conservation biology》2015,29(6):1647-1657

International case studies of protected area performance increasingly report that conservation and socio‐economic outcomes are interdependent. Effective conservation requires support and cooperation from local governments and communities, which in turn requires that protected areas contribute to the economic well‐being of the communities in which they are sited. Despite increasing recognition of their importance, robust studies that document the socio‐economic impacts of protected areas are rare, especially in the developed world context. We proposed 3 potential pathways through which protected areas might benefit local communities in the developed world: the improved local housing value, local business stimulus, and increased local funding pathways. We examined these pathways by undertaking a statistical longitudinal analysis of 110 regional and rural communities covering an area of approximately 600,000 km² in southeastern Australia. We compared trends in 10 socio‐economic indicators describing employment, income, housing, business development and local government revenue from 2000 to 2010. New protected areas acquisitions led to an increased number of new dwelling approvals and associated developer contributions, increased local business numbers, and increased local government revenue from user‐pays services and grants. Longer‐term effects of established protected areas included increased local council revenue from a variety of sources. Our findings provide support for each of our 3 proposed benefit pathways and contribute new insights into the cycling of benefits from protected areas through the economy over time. The business and legislative models in our study are typical of those operating in many other developed countries; thus, the benefit pathways reported in our study are likely to be generalizable. By identifying and communicating socio‐economic benefits from terrestrial protected areas in a developed world context, our findings represent an important step in securing local support and ongoing high‐level protection for key components of the world's biodiversity.  相似文献   

    

Sara D. Leonhardt  Helen M. Wallace  Nico Blüthgen  Frank Wenzel 《Chemoecology》2015,25(4):159-167

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Adrian C. H. Lai  Bing Zhao  Adrian Wing-Keung Law  E. Eric Adams 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2015,15(1):85-108

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P. E. Moriarty  C. J. Byron  A. J. Pershing  J. D. Stockwell  H. Xue 《Marine Biology》2016,163(4):74

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Cicchella  Domenico  Hoogewerff  Jurian  Albanese  Stefano  Adamo  Paola  Lima  Annamaria  Taiani  Manuela V. E.  De Vivo  Benedetto 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(2):619-637

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The results of a large geochemical study on various environmental media (soil, stream sediment, groundwater, surface water, lettuce and human hair) of the...  相似文献   

    

Kuta  J.  Smetanová  S.  Benová  D.  Kořistková  T.  Machát  J. 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(1):133-143

Monitoring of body burden of toxic elements is usually based on analysis of concentration of particular elements in blood, urine and/or hair. Analysis of these matrices, however, predominantly reflects short- or medium-term exposure to trace elements or pollutants. In this work, urinary stones were investigated as a matrix for monitoring long-term exposure to toxic and essential elements. A total of 431 samples of urinary calculi were subjected to mineralogical and elemental analysis by infrared spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The effect of mineralogical composition of the stones and other parameters such as sex, age and geographical location on contents of trace and minor elements is presented. Our results demonstrate the applicability of such approach and confirm that the analysis of urinary calculi can be helpful in providing complementary information on human exposure to trace metals and their excretion. Analysis of whewellite stones (calcium oxalate monohydrate) with content of phosphorus <0.6 % has been proved to be a promising tool for biomonitoring of trace and minor elements.

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Sandra Hamel  Marco Festa-Bianchet  Steeve D. Côté 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2016,70(1):123-132

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Territorial clashes in the Neotropical butterfly Actinote pellenea (Acraeinae): do disputes differ when contests get physical?     

M. R. M. Carvalho  P. E. C. Peixoto  W. W. Benson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2016,70(1):199-207

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