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111.
近年来环渤海地区城市环境空气臭氧(O3)污染问题引起广泛关注.在对2017~2022年环渤海地区代表性城市东营市O3浓度时空分布特征进行分析的基础上,评估了气象因素及海陆风环流对O3浓度的影响.结果表明:①2017~2022年,东营市O3年评价值呈波动上升趋势,以O3为首要污染物的污染天数增加. O3污染主要出现在春夏秋三季,其中5~6月最为严重,且O3污染季持续时间变长. O3浓度日最大8 h滑动平均值(MDA8 O3)的月际变化呈双峰分布,第5和25百分位数增加明显,空间分布呈现“南北高,中部低”的特征.此外,近年来东营市夜间O3浓度也表现出明显增加的趋势. ②气象因素对东营市O3浓度变化有较大影响.在温度 > 30℃、相对湿度 < 50%、风向为西南偏南或东北偏东时易出现O3高值.研究期间东营市气象因素贡献了MDA8 O3变化的30%;在O3中度污染与重度污染的情况下,气象因素对MDA8 O3变化的贡献率可高达40%. ③海陆风对O3超标日的发生具有一定贡献.海陆风日午后O3浓度比非海陆风日高20 μg·m-3左右.在O3中度及重度污染日,海陆风日10:00~16:00的O3浓度比非海陆风日O3浓度高,且20:00~23:00 O3浓度也处于较高水平.可见海陆风能够显著影响沿海地区城市O3浓度,为该地区的O3污染防控带来极大的挑战.建议未来环渤海地区城市进一步加强区域O3污染联防联控联治,加大氮氧化物和挥发性有机物的减排力度,以减少陆风气团中污染物浓度,从而降低海风气团对环渤海地区城市空气质量的影响. 相似文献
112.
联系我国飞机飞行现状,分析了机载产品日历寿命控制的必要性.根据文献记载,简要介绍了航空机载产品日历寿命定寿方法的发展历程,分析了目前机载产品日历寿命定寿方法研究的现状,归纳了3类主要的机载产品日历寿命传统定寿方法,并讨论了各类方法的优点与不足.针对传统定寿方法存在的问题,整理了近年来发展的机载产品日历寿命定寿方法的代表性成果,介绍了3种近年来才发展的机载产品日历寿命定延寿方法的具体过程.客观地综述了我国机载产品日历寿命研究存在的短板与弱项,以及日历寿命研究亟需发展的方向.为使机载产品日历寿命定寿方法研究跟上时代发展的步伐,更经济高效地服务在役飞机寿命控制,对未来机载产品日历寿命研究提出了展望. 相似文献
113.
114.
离子色谱法同时测定有机和无机阴离子 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用离子色谱法同时测定有机阴离子和无机阴离子,实验中采用一种新型高容量分离柱,灵敏度高,选择性好。讨论了最佳实验条件的选择测定了F^-,Cl^-,SO4^2-,NO2^-,SeO3^2-、C2O4^2-、甲酸奶和乙酸根等阴离子,并且分析了沈阳地区雪样中的几种阴离子。 相似文献
115.
116.
Tu C Ma LQ Zhang W Cai Y Harris WG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,124(2):223-230
Arsenic speciation is important not only for understanding the mechanisms of arsenic accumulation and detoxification by hyperaccumulators, but also for designing disposal options of arsenic-rich biomass. The primary objective of this research was to understand the speciation and leachability of arsenic in the fronds of Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.), an arsenic hyperaccumulator, with an emphasis on the implications for arsenic-rich biomass disposal. Chinese brake was grown for 18 weeks in a soil spiked with 50 mg As kg(-1) as arsenate (AsO4(3-)), arsenite (AsO3(3-)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), or methylarsonic acid (MMA). Plant samples were extracted with methanol/water (1:1) and arsenic speciation was performed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The impacts of air-drying on arsenic species and leachability in the fronds were examined in the laboratory. After 18 weeks, water-soluble arsenic in soil was mainly present as arsenate with little detectable organic species or arsenite regardless of arsenic species added to the soil. However, arsenic in the fronds was primarily present as inorganic arsenite with an average of 94%. Arsenite re-oxidation occurred in the old fronds and the excised dried tissues. Arsenic species in the fronds were slightly influenced by arsenic forms added to the soil. Air-drying of the fronds resulted in leaching of substantial amounts of arsenic. These findings can be of significance when looking at disposal options of arsenic-rich biomass from the point of view of secondary contamination. 相似文献
117.
Hongjun Chen Chunhu Yu Zeyang Xue Pengxiang Wang Zi Wang Qianmin Cong 《毒物与环境化学》2020,102(7-8):356-385
Abstract Lithium-doped bismuth oxide nanoplates with the thickness of 50–150?nm and tetragonal bismuth oxide, monoclinic lithium bismuthate phases have been synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process using lithium acetate and sodium bismuthate as the raw materials. Cobalt nanoparticles modified lithium-doped bismuth oxide nanoplates hybrids were obtained by an in situ photo-deposition route. The cobalt nanoparticles-modified nanoplates hybrids display significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity toward gentian violet compared with the nanoplates. Gentian violet solution can be totally degraded by the hybrids within 60?min under ultraviolet–visible light irradiation. The superior photocatalytic activity of the cobalt nanoparticles modified nanoplates hybrids originates from the superior charge transfer capacity and the energy band structure of the hybrids. The excellent photocatalytic performance makes the cobalt nanoparticles modified nanoplates hybrids a promising candidate as the photocatalyst for wastewater treatment. 相似文献
118.
Anyun Zhang Zunfang Tu Junrui Shui Jinxin Liu Hongmei Tuo Haoyu Zhang Cong Lin Jingyi Feng Yuxuan Feng Wen Su 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):462-471
Plasmids play a critical role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), however, a systematical understanding of ARGs originated from plasmids in swine production is currently lacking. Herein, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to determine the prevalence of ten ARGs and the class1 integron gene intI1 of plasmid source in swine manure from 44 farms in Sichuan, Hubei and Hebei provinces, China. All assayed ARGs were observed in plasmid DNA samples, and the average absolute abundance of aac(6’)-Ib-cr, blaNDM, blaCTX-M, optrA, ermB, floR, mcr-1, qnrS, tetM, sul1 and intI1 were 7.09, 2.90, 4.67, 6.62, 7.55, 7.14, 4.08, 4.85, 7.16, 7.11 and 8.07 of 10 log copies/gram, respectively. IntI1 showed a high correlation (r > 0.8, P < 0.01) with the abundance of aac(6’)-Ib-cr and sul1 in swine manure. Moreover, the farm scale (i.e., herd population) and geographical location were not found to be critical factors influencing the absolute abundance of ARGs of plasmid DNA in swine farms. However, the concentrations of florfenicol, Cu, Zn, Fe, total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) demonstrated a significant correlation with the abundance of several ARGs. Particularly, Cu and Zn had high correlations with optrA and blaCTX-M, respectively. Our results demonstrated that antibiotics, heavy metals and environmental nutrients are likely jointly contributing to the long-term persistence of ARGs in swine production. This study provides insights into the abundance and influencing factors of ARGs from swine manure, which is of significance for assessing and reducing the public health risks in livestock production. 相似文献
119.
Wenjuan Liao Hao-Jie Cui Yaqi Ning Cong Wu Wei Peng Dong Cheng Lichu Yin Weijun Zhou 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):688-698
It has been documented that organic contaminants can be degraded by hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) produced by the activation of H2 O2 by Fe(II)-bearing clay. However, the interfacial electron transfer reactions between structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation and its effects on contaminant remediation are unclear. In this study, we first investigated the relation between • OH generation sites and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by activating H2O2 using nontronite with different reduction extents. SMX (5.2–16.9 μmol/L) degradation first increased and then decreased with an increase in the reduction extent of nontronite from 22% to 62%, while the • OH production increased continually. Passivization treatment of edge sites and structural variation results revealed that interfacial electron transfer reactions between Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 occur at both the edge and basal plane. The enhancement on basal plane interfacial electron transfer reactions in a high reduction extent rNAu-2 leads to the enhancement on utilization efficiencies of structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation.However, the • OH produced at the basal planes is less efficient in oxidizing SMX than that of at edge sites. Oxidation of SMX could be sustainable in the H 2 O 2 /rNAu-2 system through chemically reduction. The results of this study show the importance role of • OH generation sites on antibiotic degradation and provide guidance and potential strategies for antibiotic degradation by Fe(II)-bearing clay minerals in H 2 O 2 -based treatments. 相似文献
120.
为了研究林南仓矿煤的低温氧化的动力学特性,选取来自不同煤层和采区的3个煤样为实验煤样。通过工业分析和元素分析确定了煤的种类为中高挥发分烟煤,自燃等级为Ⅱ类自燃。分析热重实验结果将低温氧化过程分为失重阶段和增重阶段,确定两阶段为一级化学反应,随着反应深入氧化所需的能量增加。升温氧化实验过程中气体的质量浓度和种类随温度升高而增加,利用电子自旋共振波谱仪研究不同氧化温度下煤中自由基的数量,结果显示自由基浓度出现先减小后增加的趋势。从宏观和微观两个角度提出随着反应程度的加深反应所需能量以及气体产物和自由基数量之间的关系,进一步揭示煤自燃的发展进程。 相似文献