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基于微生物生物完整性指数的地下水生态系统健康评价:以包钢稀土尾矿库周边地下水生态系统为例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
生物完整性指数是水体生态系统健康评价的重要指标,已被广泛应用于湖泊河流等的生态系统健康评价中.但利用水体中分解者微生物群落构建IBI评价标准的报道很少,针对地下水生态系统的研究更是鲜见.本研究针对包钢稀土尾矿库周边地下水生态系统健康开展评价工作,基于地下水环境中微生物群落Illumina高通量测序信息,筛选关键环境因子,甄别敏感或耐受微生物分类属,确定候选生物参数,探索针对地下水的微生物完整性指数(microbiome index of biotic integrity,M-IBI)评价流程与标准构建方法.结果表明,总计12个地下水样点中,4个样点属于健康等级(Ⅰ级),占总样点的33.3%;2个样点属于亚健康等级(Ⅱ级),占总样点的16.7%;5个样点属于一般等级(Ⅲ级),占41.7%;1个样点属于较差等级(Ⅳ级),占8.3%;总体来看,靠近尾矿库的样点健康等级较低,而远离尾矿库参照点受到的干扰较小,健康等级较高,这可能与人类活动干扰影响程度密切相关.参照该地区地下水理化参数基础上的水质情况分析结果,发现应用M-IBI指数可较合理地评估包头稀土尾矿区周边地下水生态系统健康状况.结合生态系统健康内涵,本研究初步提出针对地下水生态系统健康的M-IBI指数评价体系构建流程. 相似文献
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通过田间试验,在大豆和冬小麦生长季,进行常规翻耕(conventional tillage,T)、免耕(no-tillage with no straw cover,NT)、常规翻耕+秸秆(conventional tillage with straw cover,TS)、免耕+秸秆(no-till with straw cover,NTS)4种耕作措施处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定土壤-作物系统CO_2和N_2O排放通量.结果表明:在大豆生长季,与T相比,NTS在开花-结荚期显著增加了CO_2累积排放量(P=0.045),增幅达27.9%;NT在鼓粒-成熟期显著降低了CO_2累积排放量(P=0.043),降幅达28.9%.与T相比,NT在鼓粒-成熟期的N_2O累积排放量降低了28.3%(P=0.042).在冬小麦生长季,与T相比,TS、NT在拔节-孕穗期使CO_2累积排放量降低了24.3%(P=0.032)和36.0%(P=0.041),在成熟期降低了26.8%(P=0.027)和33.1%(P=0.038).在返青期,NT、NTS、TS的N_2O累积排放量与T比较均没有明显差异,NTS比NT的N_2O累积排放量降低了42.0%(P=0.035).可见,保护性耕作措施对土壤-作物系统CO2排放的影响较大,对N2O排放的影响不明显. 相似文献
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The adsorption of six kinds of chlorophenols on pristine, hydroxylated and carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) has been investigated. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were used to describe the kinetic data. All adsorption isotherms were well fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich and Polanyi–Manes models, due to surface adsorption dominating the adsorption process. The close linear relationship between log Kowand log Kdsuggested that hydrophobicity played an important role in the adsorption. The SWCNTs' adsorption capacity for chlorophenols was weakened by addition of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, due to the loss of specific surface area, the increase of hydrophilicity and the reduction of π–π interaction. The best adsorption capacity of pristine SWCNTs, SWCNT-OH and SWCNT-COOH for six chlorophenols varied from 19 to 84 mg/g, from 19 to 65 mg/g and from 17 to 65 mg/g,respectively. The effect of pH on the adsorption of 2,6-dichlorophenol(2,6-DCP), was also studied. When p H is over the pK aof 2,6-dichlorophenol(2,6-DCP), its removal dropped sharply. When ionic strength increased(Na Cl or KCl concentration from 0 to 0.02 mmol/L),the adsorption capacity of 2,6-DCP on pristine SWCNTs decreased slightly. The comparison of chlorophenols adsorption by SWCNTs, MWCNTs and PAC was made, indicating that the adsorption rate of CNTs was much faster than that of PAC. The results provide useful information about the feasibility of SWCNTs as an adsorbent to remove chlorophenols from aqueous solutions. 相似文献
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Yinghui Jiang Guoyu Yin Lijun Hou Min Liu Yanling Zheng Ping Han Dongsheng Zheng Cheng Chen Maotian Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(6):376-386
Marine aquaculture in semi-enclosed bays can significantly influence nutrient cycling in coastal ecosystems. However, the impact of marine aquaculture on the dynamics of dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes (DNRPs) and the fate of reactive nitrogen remain poorly understood. In this study, the rates of DNRPs and the abundances of related functional genes were investigated in aquaculture and non-aquaculture areas. The results showed that marine aquaculture significantly increased the denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates and decreased the rate of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANA), as compared with non-aquaculture sites. DNF was the dominant pathway contributing to the total nitrate reduction, and its contribution to the total nitrate reduction significantly increased from 66.72% at non-aquaculture sites to 78.50% at aquaculture sites. Marine aquaculture can significantly affect the physicochemical characteristics of sediment and the abundances of related functional genes, leading to variations in the nitrate reduction rates. Although nitrate removal rates increased in the marine aquaculture area, ammonification rates and the nitrogen retention index in the aquaculture areas were 2.19 and 1.24 times, respectively, higher than those at non-aquaculture sites. Net reactive nitrogen retention exceeded nitrogen removal in the aquaculture area, and the retained reactive nitrogen could diffuse with the tidal current to the entire bay, thereby aggravating N pollution in the entire study area. These results show that marine aquaculture is the dominant source of nitrogen pollution in semi-enclosed bays. This study can provide insights into nitrogen pollution control in semi-enclosed bays with well-developed marine aquaculture. 相似文献
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针对传统的污泥处理方法存在消化时间长、投资及运行费用高、运行管理较复杂等问题,开发了污泥同时浓缩与消化——新型ISTD反应器,并对城市污水厂剩余污泥进行试验研究。试验结果表明:在3035℃,COD有机负荷0.65 kg/(m3·d),水力停留时间5 d的条件下,有机物分解率为53.88%,排泥含水率为91.91%,出水SS平均为612 mg/L。 相似文献
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Stringent quarantine measures during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown period (January 23, 2020 to March 15, 2020) have resulted in a distinct decrease in anthropogenic source emissions in North China Plain compared to the paralleled period of 2019. Particularly, 22.7% decrease in NO2 and 3.0% increase of O3 was observed in Tianjin, nonlinear relationship between O3 generation and NO2 implied that synergetic control of NOx and VOCs is needed. Deteriorating meteorological condition during the COVID-19 lockdown obscured the actual PM2.5 reduction. Fireworks transport in 2020 Spring Festival (SF) triggered regional haze pollution. PM2.5 during the COVID-19 lockdown only reduced by 5.6% in Tianjin. Here we used the dispersion coefficient to normalize the measured PM2.5 (DN-PM2.5), aiming to eliminate the adverse meteorological impact and roughly estimate the actual PM2.5 reduction, which reduced by 17.7% during the COVID-19 lockdown. In terms of PM2.5 chemical composition, significant NO3? increase was observed during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, as a tracer of atmospheric oxidation capacity, odd oxygen (Ox = NO2 + O3) was observed to reduce during the COVID-19 lockdown, whereas relative humidity (RH), specific humidity and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) were observed with noticeable enhancement. Nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) was observed to increase at higher specific humidity and ALWC, especially in the haze episode occurred during 2020SF, high air humidity and obvious nitrate generation was observed. Anomalously enhanced air humidity may response for the nitrate increase during the COVID-19 lockdown period. 相似文献