EM菌强化SBR脱氮除磷的试验研究

重点讨论了有效微生物群（EM）在SBR反应器中对生活污水的TP，NH3－N和TN和TN的去除效昆，结果表明，当EM投加量（VEM／V污水）为1／1000－1／1000时，能显著提高SBR工艺对TP，NH3－N和TN的去除率和降解速度，具有节能降耗的优点，当EM投加量（VEM／V污水）在1／1000－5／1000范围内，TN的去除率随EM量的增加而逐渐提高。     

经济新常态下的“十三五”环境压力预测

我国经济已经从高速增长转向中高速增长的新常态阶段,经济发展方式从规模速度型粗放增长转向质量效率型集约增长,产业结构从劳动密集型向资金密集型和知识密集型转换,经济发展动力从要素驱动、投资驱动转向创新驱动。经济新常态下,环境保护将迎来难得的历史机遇,同时也面临严峻的挑战。为了深入理解和准确把握经济新常态下我国"环境态"的发展特征,本文基于中长期环境经济预测模型定量测算了2020年我国社会经济、能源和水资源以及主要污染物排放趋势和特征。结果表明,"十三五"期间,我国能源和水资源消耗总量增长将趋缓,新增消耗量进入涨幅收窄期;产业转型升级加速将从源头上减轻新增污染减排的压力,主要大气和水污染物排放将进入高位平台期,排放强度将呈现高位回落。     

对生态旅游开发的法律保障

本文从法律角度探讨如何规范旅游开发行为，从而实现旅游业的可持续发展。     

纳米Al_2O_3固定化红平红球菌菌球的制备及其对苯酚的降解

以海藻酸铝为主要包埋材料、纳米Al_2O_3为添加剂,包埋固定红平红球菌,制得纳米Al_2O_3固定化红平红球菌菌球,并将其用于苯酚的降解。表征结果显示:菌球内部包含丰富的菌丝体;内部孔径以中孔居多。实验结果表明:菌球的最优制备方案为0.05 g纳米Al_2O_3加入3 m L海藻酸钠溶液中、海藻酸钠质量分数6%、微生物包埋量0.5 m L/m L(以海藻酸钠溶液计)、Al_2(SO_4)_3质量分数3%;在初始苯酚质量浓度为400 mg/L、反应时间为24h、菌球加入量为8 g/L、反应p H为8.0、反应温度为30℃的条件下,菌球首次使用时可使苯酚完全降解,使用5次后的苯酚降解率仍达93%以上,具有良好的循环使用性。     

Assessment and prediction of the effect of ageing on the adsorption of nonylphenol in black carbon-sediment systems

Black carbon (BC) is a promising sediment amendment, as proven by its considerable adsorption capacity for hydrophobic organic pollutants and accessibility, but its reliability when used for the removal of pollutants in natural sediments still needs to be evaluated. For example, the ageing process, resulting in changing of surface physicochemical properties of BC, will decrease the adsorption capacity and performance of BC when applied to sediment pollution control. In this study, how the ageing process and BC proportion affect the adsorption capacity of BC-sediment systems was modelled and quantitatively investigated to predict their adsorption capacity under different ageing times and BC additions. The results showed that the ageing process decreased the adsorption capacity of both BC-sediment systems, due to the blockage of the non-linear adsorption sites of BC. The adsorption capacity of rice straw black carbon (RC)-sediment systems was higher than that of fly ash black carbon (FC)-sediment systems, indicating that RC is more efficient than FC for nonylphenol (NP) pollution control in sediment. The newly established model for the prediction of adsorption capacity fits the experimental data appropriately and yields acceptable predictions, especially when based on parameters from the Freundlich model. However, to fully reflect the influence of the ageing process on BC-sediment systems and make more precise predictions, it is recommended that future work considering more factors and conditions, such as modelling of the correlation between the adsorption capacity and the pore volume or specific surface area of BC, be applied to build an accurate and sound model.     

Adsorption performance of CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 in NO removal at low temperature

CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 samples were synthesized using hard-templating and evaporationinduced self-assembly(EISA) methods,respectively.The pore structures of CMK-3 and CFDU-15 as well as commercial activated carbon were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and N_2 adsorption–desorption.Adsorption of NO was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis,temperature-programmed desorption of NO + O_2,and in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results show that the CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 materials possessed ordered and uniform structures.The coadsorption capacity of NO and O_2 decreased in the sequence CMK-3(88.6 mg/g) C-FDU-15(71.7 mg/g) AC(25.3 mg/g).There were two main adsorption species on CMK-3 and CFDU-15:nitrite and nitrate.Nitrite is converted to nitrate easily.However,the adsorption species were more complex on AC,with nitrite being the main species.Moreover,CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 exhibit excellent regeneration efficiency compared with AC.The excellent NO adsorption performance of CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 was associated with their ordered mesoporous structures and high surface areas.The research provides more options for NO adsorption in the future.     

黑碳制备的不同热解温度对其吸附菲的影响

在300～700℃热解小麦秸秆24h,提取制备黑碳.测定了黑碳化学组成和BET比表面积,研究了菲在黑碳上的吸附与解吸,测定了菲在黑碳上的最大不可逆吸附量.结果表明,随热解温度升高,黑碳比表面积增大,芳构化程度加深,表面疏水性增强;相应地,黑碳对菲的吸附容量和最大不可逆吸附量增大,吸附与解吸非线性程度和解吸迟滞也变得更显著;Freundlich吸附等温式能较好描述菲在黑碳上的吸附与解吸.     

典型行业再利用土壤重金属含量分布、来源解析及生态风险评价

为深入探究典型行业再利用土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险状况,基于上海市嘉定区49个地块315个不同深度剖面土壤样品数据,采用地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数评估Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Hg和As这7种重金属含量特征和潜在生态风险程度,并利用源解析受体模型（APCS-MLR）和正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）解析其污染来源.结果表明：①研究区土壤中除As外,其余重金属均不同程度超过上海市土壤背景值,表层土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni和Hg含量分别是背景值的3.54、2.34、2.91、1.20、3.75和4.40倍;7种重金属含量随着土壤垂直剖面深度的增加逐渐降低,重金属在表层土壤中存在一定程度的富集,人类活动影响了重金属在土壤中的分布规律.②研究区内APCS-MLR和PMF两种受体模型均识别出土壤重金属4种主要来源,源1（Cu、Zn和Pb）为金属制品和汽车制造混合源,源2（Ni和Cd）为电镀企业来源,源3（Hg）主要为化工企业来源,源4（As）为自然源,两种受体模型结合运用,进一步提高源解析的精准度和可信度.③地累积指数由大到小表现为：Hg（1.54）>Ni（1.32）>Cd（1.21）>Cu（0.96）>Pb（0.64）>Zn（-0.33）>As（-1.02）;潜在生态风险指数结果显示,研究区综合潜在生态风险指数RI值在32.50~4 910.97,均值为321.40,整体呈现较强潜在生态风险,再开发利用工业场地土壤中重金属Hg、Ni和Cd的污染值得进一步关注.     

环珠江口近地面夜间臭氧上升现象：基于垂直观测的两个个例研究

利用广州塔的O₃观测资料、风廓线雷达和转动拉曼温廓线激光雷达探测的垂直环境气象等观测资料,结合ERA5的近地面风场,对2017年5月6—7日(Case I)和2019年10月1—2日(CaseⅡ)两个典型个例从垂直混合与水平输送的角度进行特征与成因分析.O₃的垂直观测结果表明,夜间残留层可储存日间混合层内的高浓度O₃气团.从垂直混合与水平输送的分析结果表明,残留层O₃的垂直混合及高浓度O₃气团的水平输送是夜间地表O₃的重要来源：夜间存在垂直风切变或边界层抬升,均可加强O₃的垂直混合;珠三角地区背景风表现为在早上偏北风和晚上转换为偏南风,广州与佛山地表O₃浓度上升最显著.此外,夜间O₃浓度上升事件可造成夜间及凌晨O₃ 8 h滑动平均值持续高值,对空气质量和大气氧化性造成一定影响.     

Characterization of submicron aerosol particles in winter at Albany, New York

A thorough understanding of chemical composition, particle pH, and pollutant emissions is essential to address the climate and human health effects of atmospheric particles. In this study, we used a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS)and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer(SMPS) to characterize the composition of submicron particles. Moreover, we applied the ISORROPIA-II model to analyze the particle acidity effect on the compositional characterization of submicron ...