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191.
Emissions from a 1988 GM Corsica with adaptive learning closed loop control were measured with 4 fuels at 40, 75, and 90 degrees F. Evaporative and exhaust emissions were examined from each fuel at each test temperature. Test fuels were unleaded summer grade gasoline; a blend of this gasoline containing 8.1 percent ethanol; a refiner's blend stock; and the blend stock containing 16.2 percent methyl tertiary butyl ether. The ethanol and MTBE blends contained 3.0 percent oxygen by weight. Regulated emissions (total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen), detailed aldehydes, detailed hydrocarbons, ethanol, MTBE, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene were determined. The highest levels of regulated emissions were produced at the lower temperature. Blended fuels produced almost twice the evaporative hydrocarbon emissions at high temperatures as did the base fuels. Benzene emissions varied with fuels and operating temperatures, while 1,3-butadiene emissions decreased slightly with increasing temperatures. Formaldehyde emissions were not sensitive to fuel or temperature changes. Ethanol fuel blend total aldehyde emissions increased by 40 percent due to increased acetaldehyde emissions. Fuel blends had approximately a 3 percent economy decrease. The MTBE fuel blend appeared to offer the most reduction in total hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen for the fuels and temperatures tested. 相似文献
192.
Hugh A. Ford Harry Bell Ray Nias Richard Noske 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1988,22(4):239-249
Summary Australia has many cooperatively breeding species of birds. These tend to occur in eucalypt and semi-arid woodlands rather than in rainforests or deserts. They tend to be insectivores that pursue rather than sit and wait for their prey, and tend to forage on the ground rather than above it. We propose that environments where resources do not show marked seasonal fluctuations are those in which cooperative breeding is most likely to evolve. Under these conditions birds might experience difficulty acquiring the extra food necessary to breed, especially if inexperienced. When adult survival was high, young and inexperienced birds could delay breeding. Unpredictable environments may also favor cooperative breeding, but our data do not strongly support this. Groupliving would be favored further if young birds are particularly vulnerable to predators when alone. They should therefore remain in the family group and delay their dispersal unitl a suitable breeding vacancy becomes available. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, but are complementary. Both may be required to ensure that at least some year-old birds do not breed and also do not disperse. We believe that they give rise to predictions, which can be tested in future field studies. 相似文献
193.
S. P. Pathak Sanjay Kumar P. W. Ramteke R. C. Murthy K. P. Singh J. W. Bhattacherjee P. K. Ray 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1992,22(3):227-236
Water samples from 30 rivers in northern and north-eastern hilly states of India were analysed for bacteriological and physicochemical parameters along with metals and pesticide residues. It was found that 34% of samples had >50 coliforms/100 ml, while 24% of samples demonstrated >50 thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms/100 ml. Among the metals, iron was found to be above maximum permissible limits in the rivers of all the states, while manganese was found to be above the maximum permissible limit in the rivers of Tripura and some northern states. Zinc, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and cadmium plus physicochemical parameters and residual pesticides, however, were within their maximum permissible limits. 相似文献
194.
A widespread distrust in the significance of the observation of trisomy 20 mosaicism in amniotic fluid cultures has led to an increasing belief that this particular type of aneuploidy is of extra foetal origin and is clinically incosequential. The report presents an example of amnoitic fluid cell mosaicism for trisomy 20 which was ultimately confirmed in the foetus, and proposes that, in spite of the absence of obvious congenital malformation from the foetus, trisomy 20 mosaicism in amnoitic fluid cultures should be regarded with the same deference as mosaicism for any other autosome of unknown effect. 相似文献
195.
196.
Ziming Zhao Wenjun Sun Madhumita B. Ray Ajay K Ray Tianyin Huang Jiabin Chen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(5):75
197.
Hooghly–Matla estuarine ecosystem of India is very rich in natural resources and receives large amount of nutrients through litterfall from adjacent mangrove forest. Nitrogen as an important nutrient occurs in various forms and plays a crucial role in the regulation of productivity in this estuarine system. Modelling of nitrogen dynamics from mangrove litterfall and particularly the release of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in this estuarine system is important because of its role in augmenting growth of phytoplankton and other higher plants and all other biological components of grazing food chain. 相似文献
198.
Fenitrothion, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, causes bradycardia following long‐term exposure. To analyse the mechanism underlying these cardiac changes, ginea pigs were exposed to fenitrothion 5 and 10 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed increase in PR and RR intervals. These changes were more prominent in the animals receiving 10 mg/kg fenitrothion which occasionally showed extrasystoles. In isolated atria preparation heart rate was decreased at higher dose. Amplitude of cardiac rhythm decreased with respect to increased ACh concentration. Hypocalcemia was recorded in fenitrothion‐treated animals. The residual content of fenitrothion was increased in both groups of animals following a pattern: brain> spleen> heart> liver> kidney. 相似文献
199.
McClain WC Chumchal MM Drenner RW Newland LW 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,123(1-3):249-258
We examined how length of fish is related to mercury concentrations in muscle tissue of seven species of fish from Lake Meredith, Texas and determined how sex and growth rate are related to mercury concentration in walleye (Sander vitreus). Flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), walleye and white bass (Morone chrysops) had the highest concentrations of mercury and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), river carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) had the lowest concentrations of mercury. Mercury concentrations were positively correlated with total length (TL) of fish for all species except gizzard shad, which exhibited a negative correlation between mercury concentration and TL. Male walleye grew more slowly than females, and males had higher concentrations of mercury than females. We also assessed the differences in fish consumption advisories that would be issued using Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) guidelines versus United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommendations. Using DSHS guidelines, no fish species in Lake Meredith would be issued a fish consumption advisory. Nevertheless, DSHS has issued an advisory for walleye in Lake Meredith, possibly due to an inadequate sample size of fish. Using USEPA guidelines, a fish consumption advisory would be issued for the largest size class of flathead catfish but no advisory exists for flathead catfish in Lake Meredith. We suggest that when fish in a lake may be contaminated with mercury, all game fish in the lake should be assessed, and mercury advisories should take fish size into account. 相似文献
200.
本工作建立了鱼中从四氯到八氯的二苯并二(口恶)(口英)和二苯并呋喃的分析方法。鱼样品经消化后以己烷提取,提取液经两套层析柱净化后,用反相HPLC进一步净化并分为两个级份。采用GC/SIM-MS测定各PCDD和PCDF。 相似文献