城市污水处理厂活性污泥中氨氧化菌群落结构研究

为了解析污水处理厂中氨氧化菌(AOB)的群落结构,以及处理工艺、规模等参数对AOB群落结构的影响,采用针对AOB功能基因氨单加氧酶(amoA)的末端限制性片段长度多态性技术(T-RFLP)、克隆测序等方法,研究了北京市6个污水处理厂的9个污水处理系统中AOB的群落结构.T-RFLP指纹图谱表明不同污水处理系统中AOB的群落结构有所不同,主要的末端限制性片段(T-RF)为354、491和291 bp.T-RFLP指纹图谱及聚类分析表明,污水处理工艺对系统中AOB的群落结构影响较小,而处理规模对AOB的群落结构有一定的影响.对功能基因amoA的系统发育分析表明,污水处理系统中优势AOB均为Nitrosomonasspp.,而非Nitrosospiraspp..这可能是Nitrosomonasspp.的最大比增长速率(μmax)较高,使其更容易成为活性污泥系统中的优势AOB.     

Composition of the proteinaceous gel secretion from the skin of the Arabian Gulf catfish (Arius thallasinus)

The Arabian Gulf catfish Arius thallasinus excretes copious amounts of proteinaceous gel from epidermal cells when threatened or injured. As a means of investigating its biological role, this gel material has been examined to determine the nature of the secretion and its associated biological activities. Over 85% of the dry weight of the gel material is protein with small amounts of lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acid components. Most of the protein exists as a high molecular weight aggregate of predominantly 13 500 molecular weight monomeric units. Several lytic enzyme activities are found in the gel secretion, one of which catalyzes lysis of red blood cells. Other factors induce clotting in citrate treated plasma and agglutination of red blood cells. The enzymic properties of the gel secretion resemble those of some animal venoms.     

Catfish epidermal secretions in response to threat or injury

The Arabian Gulf catfish (Arius thalassinus, Rüppell) secrete a thick layer of proteinaceous material when threatened or injured. The chemical and pharmacological properties of this material indicate that it may promote the healing of wounds. These studies suggest that the abrupt secretion of mucous-like gel in response to a perceived hazard is an externally expressed defense response; the secretion may have a primary function in healing injury beyond the commonly postulated roles of deterring predators or facilitating escape.