排序方式: 共有73条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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水环境容量核算能为水污染防治提供科学依据,而工程减排效益分析能为水污染防治提供优先顺序,两者都直接关系到流域总量减排任务的完成和水质目标的实现。以承德市武烈河为例,根据水环境容量核算的基本原理,结合污染状况、水质现状和水环境功能区划,对COD和氨氮的水环境容量进行核算;结合流域污染防治规划,以输入响应关系为基础,对两类主要污染防治工程的水环境质量减排效益进行评价。结果表明,武烈河COD、氨氮水环境容量分别为1 519.7、159.6t/a,水环境容量处于超载状态;主要污染防治工程能大幅削减污染物排放量,对改善水环境质量贡献明显,工程的落实将有利于改善武烈河水环境现状。 相似文献
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Cuiping Wang Haibin Liu Jing Li Hongwen Sun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(18):10614-10625
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), which has carcinogenic potency, is highly recalcitrant and resistant to microbial degradation. A novel fungus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae (L. theobromae), which can degrade BaP as a sole carbon source in liquid, was isolated in our laboratory. To prompt the further application of L. theobromae in remediation of sites polluted by BaP and other PAHs, the present study was targeted toward the removal of BaP and PAHs from soil by L. theobromae. The degradation of BaP by L. theobromae was studied using a soil spiked with 50 mg/kg BaP. L. theobromae could remove 32.1 % of the BaP after 35 days of cultivation. Phenanthrene (PHE) inhibited BaP degradation as a competitive substrate. The tested surfactants enhanced BaP degradation in soil by different extents, and a removal rate of 92.1 % was achieved at a Tween-80 (TW-80) concentration of 5 g/kg. It was revealed that TW-80 could not only enhance BaP bioavailability by increasing its aqueous solubility and decreasing the size of its colloid particles but also increase enzyme secretion from L. theobromae and the population of L. theobromae. Moreover, ergosterol content together with the biomass C indicated the increase in L. theobromae biomass during the BaP biodegradation process in soils. Finally, a soil from a historically PAH-contaminated field at Beijing Coking Plant in China was tested to assess the feasibility of applying L. theobromae in the remediation of polluted sites. The total removal rate of PAHs by L. theobromae was 53.3 %, which is 13.1 % higher than that by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium), an effective PAH degrader. The addition of TW-80 to the field soil further enhanced PAH degradation to 73.2 %. Hence, L. theobromae is a promising novel strain to be implemented in the remediation of soil polluted by PAHs. 相似文献
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T模态斜交主成分分析法(PCT)分析的天气过程时间尺度越长,该算法的优势越明显,天气分型结果也更完整,可信度越高.利用京津冀地区2014年冬季-2019年冬季(每年12月-翌年2月)的环境监测资料,以区域平均PM2.5日均值大于150 μg·m-3为标准,筛选出72个京津冀地区PM2.5重污染日,采用ERA5提供的0.25°×0.25°气象再分析资料,应用PCT算法将72个PM2.5重污染日海平面气压场客观地分为高压前部型、锋前低压型、高压后部型、均压场型和弱低压型5种类型,分别占总PM2.5重污染天数的34.72%、20.83%、16.67%、16.67%和11.11%.另外,对2017年2月12-16日京津冀地区PM2.5重污染过程的分析表明,重污染天气过程中随着逐日天气型的演变,污染物浓度特征、近地面风场和大气污染物污染传输路径均发生相应变化. 相似文献
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大气PM_(2.5)中很多金属元素危害人体健康,且具有源示踪性,因此,开展PM_(2.5)中金属在线监测对污染来源分析和大气污染防治有着重要意义.本研究于2017年4—5月使用美国Cooper环境空气多金属在线监测仪对深圳城市大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素进行连续观测.与同步离线采样测量的金属数据进行比对表明,10种元素(K、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、V、Ni、Ti、Pb、Cr)呈现良好的相关性,因而用于后续分析.观测期间大气PM_(2.5)的平均浓度24.8μg·m~(-3),其中10种金属元素总浓度为0.72μg·m~(-3),占比2.9%.Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn和Ti的浓度日变化显示了日间高、夜间低的特征,表明受到本地人为源的显著影响;而K、Pb、Cr浓度日变化无明显波动,说明受区域传输影响较大;Ni与V日变化趋势一致,主要来源为船舶排放.主成分因子分析结果表明,观测期间PM_(2.5)中金属污染来源主要为交通和扬尘源、工业排放/废物燃烧和船舶污染,方差贡献依次为54.3%、19.8%和8.8%. 相似文献
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Huiqin Zhang Hongrui Ding Xin Wang Cuiping Zeng Anhuai Lu Yan Li Changqiu Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(2):259-267
Birnessite films on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO) coated glass were prepared by cathodic reduction of aqueous KMnO_4. The deposited birnessite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.The photoelectrochemical activity of birnessite films was investigated and a remarkable photocurrent in response to visible light was observed in the presence of phenol, resulting from localized manganese d–d transitions. Based on this result, the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of phenol was investigated. Compared with phenol degradation by the electrochemical oxidation process or photocatalysis separately, a synergetic photoelectrocatalytic degradation effect was observed in the presence of the birnessite film coated FTO electrode.Photoelectrocatalytic degradation ratios were influenced by film thickness and initial phenol concentrations. Phenol degradation with the thinnest birnessite film and initial phenol concentration of 10 mg/L showed the highest efficiency of 91.4% after 8 hr. Meanwhile, the kinetics of phenol removal was fit well by the pseudofirst-order kinetic model. 相似文献
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中国中东部地区的空气污染主要集中在京津冀、长三角、珠三角、东北地区及汾渭平原等区域,各区域的污染排放特征各异.本文应用基于CMAQ(The Community Multiscale Air Quality)模式的自适应"nudging"源反演方法,反演中国中东部地区2016年12月—2017年1月逐日NOx污染源,分析上述主要污染区的污染物排放强度空间分布特征,并与2016年MEIC(The Multi-resolution emission inventory for China)排放源进行比较,检验反演源的可靠性.结果表明,2016年冬季各个区域反演源NOx排放强度空间分布特征与2016年MEIC排放源基本一致.京津冀地区高强度排放区域形成沿山前区域东北-西南走向的NOx高强度排放带;长三角地区NOx高强度排放区域位于常州、苏州、上海和湖州等城市构成的城市群;珠三角地区NOx高强度排放区域位于以广州为中心的大范围城市群且排放强度呈现向四周逐渐降低的放射状分布;东北地区NOx高强度排放区域空间分布特征呈现以城市为中心且稀疏分布;汾渭平原排放区域呈现以城市为中心且向峡谷中间集中分布,排放区域轮廓与汾渭平原狭长的新月状相符. 相似文献