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11.
Assessing Surface Water Quality and Its Relation with Urban Land Cover Changes in the Lake Calumet Area, Greater Chicago 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Urban land use and land cover change significantly affect spatial and temporal patterns of runoff, which in turn impacts surface
water quality. With the exponential growth in urban areas over the past three decades, changes in land use and land cover
to cater for the growth of cities has been a conspicuous spectacle in urban spaces. The main goal of this study was to assess
the impacts of land cover change on runoff and surface water quality using a partial area hydrology framework. The study employed
ArcHydro GIS extension and a modified version of Long-Term Hydrologic and Nonpoint Source Pollution model (L-THIA-NPS) in
estimating runoff and nonpoint source pollutant concentration around Lake Calumet between 1992 and 2001. Data employed include
National Land Cover Data set, rainfall data, digital elevation model (DEM), Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) data, and The
United States Environmental Protection Agency’s STORET (storage and retrieval) water quality data. The model was able to predict
surface water quality reasonably well over the study period. Sensitivity analysis facilitated a manual calibration of the
model. Model validation was executed by comparing simulated results following calibration and observed water quality data
for the study area. The study demonstrates that the level of concentration of nonpoint source pollutants in surface water
within an urban watershed heavily depends on the spatiotemporal variations in areas that contribute towards runoff compared
to the spatial extent of change in major land use/land cover. 相似文献
12.
Fournier A Feidt C Marchand P Vénisseau A Le Bizec B Sellier N Engel E Ratel J Travel A Jondreville C 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(2):440-447
Introduction
High concentrations of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) sometimes recorded in free-range hens' eggs are thought to be due to soil ingestion. Of the three stereoisomers of HBCD (α-, β-, and γ-HBCD), γ-HBCD is the main component in the commercial mixture, as well as in environmental matrices, whereas the isomer profile is α-dominated in biota. In fish and in mammals, this shift is thought to be due to a rapid elimination of γ-HBCD and to its bioisomerization to the more persistent α-HBCD. The aim of the current controlled study was to better understand the fate of ingested HBCD in laying hens. The isomer profile in soil being γ-dominated, excretion kinetics of γ-HBCD into egg yolk, and accumulation in liver and in abdominal fat were investigated. 相似文献13.
Angélique Lazartigues Marielle Thomas Cécile Cren-Olivé Jean Brun-Bellut Yves Le Roux Damien Banas Cyril Feidt 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):117-125
Residues of pesticides in fish farming productions from barrage ponds are seldom studied in spite of increasing health questionings and environmental concerns. The purpose of this study is to establish the pesticide contamination profiles of sediments and edible fish from five ponds in Northeastern France. Multi-residues method and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis were used to quantify 13 pesticides (azoxystrobin, carbendazim, clomazone, diflufenican, dimethachlor, fluroxypyr, iprodion, isoproturon, mesosulfuron-methyl, metazachlor, napropamid, quizalofop and thifensulfuron-methyl). Ten sediments and 143 muscles samples were analysed, corresponding to two successive fishing campaigns (first fishing date and second fishing date (P2), about 1 year later) on five sites (noted C-0, C-25, C-45, C-75 and C-85 to express the increasing gradient of crop area). Isoproturon was present in all sediments samples (1.8–56.4 μg/kg dry weight). During P2 period, carbendazim was quantified in the fish of site C-0 (0.09?±?0.02, 0.2?±?0.1 and 0.17?±?0.06 μg/kg wet weight (ww) for roach, carp and perch, respectively). Metazachlor was only quantified in perch of the site C-25 (0.13?±?0.02 μg/kg ww). Concentrations of isoproturon were similar for the sites C-45 and C-75 with 0.4?±?0.1 and 0.75?±?0.06 μg/kg ww for carp and perch, respectively. Contamination of fish reflected generally concentrations in surroundings. Isoproturon was the most concentrated and its main source was water for perch while carp was exposed through both water and sediments, highlighting their life strategies in pond. 相似文献
14.
Cyril Bourgeois Nosra Ben Fradj Pierre-Alain Jayet 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2014,19(5):389-405
This paper assesses the cost-effectiveness of a mixed policy in attempts to reduce the presence of three nitrogen pollutants: NO 3, N 2O, and NH 3. The policy under study combines a tax on nitrogen input and incentives promoting perennial crops assumed to require low input. We show that the mixed policy improves the cost-effectiveness of regulation with regard to nitrates, whereas no improvement occurs, except for a very low level of subsidy in some cases, for gas pollutants. A quantitative analysis provides an assessment of impacts in terms of land use, farmers’ income, and nitrogen losses throughout France and at river-basin scale. 相似文献
15.
16.
Gautam Sneha Samuel Cyril Gautam Alok Sagar Kumar Sanjeev 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):16632-16645
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The present study aims to highlight the contrast relationship between COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) infections and air pollutants for the Indian... 相似文献
17.
Cyril Charvet Jean-Luc ChambonFrançois Corenwinder Jérôme Taveau 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2011,24(3):242-248
This paper introduces the new approach of risk analysis established by the French Ministry of the Environment and develops the benefits of applying nuclear probabilistic safety assessment approaches to the chemical industry.In the aftermath of the AZF disaster in Toulouse on 21 September 2001, a new law was proposed by the French government asking for the investigation of all representative scenarios and the assessment of the probability of the resulting dangerous phenomena to demonstrate an acceptable level of safety. Therefore, any accident is investigated from a global point of view, according to its gravity and its probability.In 2000, the French Ministry of the Environment asked the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), and in particular its Systems and Risk Protection Assessment (SESPRI) and its Industrial Risks, Fire and Containment Assessment and Study (SERIC) departments, to conduct a Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) study of an LPG distribution facility, specially for the BLEVE scenario. This study has showed the power of PSA for defining and prioritizing actions to be carried out to improve safety of facilities; however, it requires credible data for reliability and failure of the equipment, not available in generic failure databases.Since 2007, IRSN has taken several initiatives in collaboration with operators in order to provide more precise and representative failure rates for main safety equipment, ready to use in future PSA relative to LPG plants. 相似文献
18.
Mordechai Shohat MD Edna Akstein Bella Davidov Gad Barkai Cyril Legum Miriam David Hanna Dar Yitzhak Romem Aliza Amiel Hana Cohen Gideon Bach Ziva Ben-Neriah Ruth N. Sheffer Zvi Appelman Juan Chemke Pnina Zadka Tamy Zer Boleslaw Goldman 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(10):967-970
We investigated the contribution of different screening criteria to the prenatal detection of Down syndrome (DS) as well as other chromosomal anomalies in the Jewish population in Israel during 1990 and 1992. There was a significant decrease (P<0·03) in the incidence of DS live-births during 1992 (40:78 442) compared with 1990 (69:73 751) which paralleled a marked increase in total prenatal testing and in DS cases detected prenatally. Private laboratories, which perform amniocenteses mostly for women with a low risk of DS and without genetic counselling, had a significantly lower detection rate (1:917) compared with that of the genetic institutes, which following genetic counselling test both women ≥ 37 years of age (1:91) and women younger than 37 years (1:113). The detection of chromosomal anomalies other than DS was less affected by the reason for amniocentesis. Amniocentesis indicated by maternal serum marker screening of women younger than 37 years identified a greater number of chromosomal anomalies other than DS than amniocentesis based on age (≥37 years) alone (111:9604 versus 94:9810; P<0·06). Prenatal detection of DS is most effective when the indication for amniocentesis follows genetic counselling. The increasing use of maternal serum marker screening leads to a significant improvement in the positive detection rate of chromosomal anomalies other than DS in young women. 相似文献
19.
A critical review of norms and standards and corresponding tests to determine the biodegradability in soil for biodegradable
plastics, possibly applicable also to biodegradable agricultural plastics, is presented. There are only a few norms available
at the international level about biodegradable plastics in soil. The criteria, parameters and testing methodologies for the
characterization, labelling and validation of the agricultural plastic waste streams with respect to possible biodegradation
in soil according to existing international standards are analysed while the relevant controversies are identified. To derive
the best suited for agricultural plastics specs and testing methods, the possible developments or adaptation of available
specs, is investigated. Considering the existing types of biodegradable plastic products in agriculture and their effective
life management at the agricultural field, only a few norms appear to provide suitable tests that could be adapted, following
appropriate research work, for testing biodegradability in soil under real field conditions. It is shown that some major revisions
are needed, with the support of systematic research work, before a new universal norm and standard testing methods become
available for testing agricultural plastics for biodegradation under real, and highly variable, soil conditions. Based on
the analysis of the different norms and their content it appears necessary to incorporate provisions for transferability of
results to different soils and climates, validation of tests through a positive reference and also, set prerequisites for
soil media. Long term biodegradation in soil prediction is another open issue. 相似文献
20.
Jolly S Bado-Nilles A Lamand F Turies C Chadili E Porcher JM Betoulle S Sanchez W 《Chemosphere》2012,87(7):675-683
In freshwater ecosystems, a large number of chemical substances are able to disturb homeostasis of fish by modulating one or more physiological functions including the immune system. The aim of this study was to assess multi-biomarker responses including immunotoxicity induced by urban and agricultural pressure in European bullheads living in a small French river basin. For this purpose, a set of biochemical, immunological, physiological and histological parameters was measured in wild bullheads from five locations characterized by various environmental pressures. Moreover, to address effects of physiological status and contamination level variation on biomarker responses, fish were sampled during three periods (April, July and October). Results revealed a clear impact of environmental pressure on fish health and particularly on immunological status. An increase of EROD activity was recorded between upstream and downstream sites. Upstream sites were also characterized by neurotoxicological effects. Fish exhibited upstream/downstream variations of immunological status but strong differences were observed according to sampling season. Conversely, regarding biochemical and immunological effects, no significant response of physiological indexes was recorded related to environmental pressures. According to these results, the European bullhead appears as a valuable model fish species to assess adverse effects in wildlife due to urban and agricultural pressures. 相似文献