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31.
32.
Dagmar?Schr?terEmail author Colin?Polsky Anthony?G.?Patt 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(4):573-595
In the recent years, global environmental change research has seen increased attention to the concept of vulnerability. There
have been a growing number of vulnerability assessments, but relatively little discussion on appropriate and common methods.
Here we propose a method to guide vulnerability assessments of coupled human–environment systems toward a common objective:
informing the decision-making of specific stakeholders about options for adapting to the effects of global change. We suggest
five criteria vulnerability assessments must at least possess to achieve this objective. They should have a knowledge base
from various disciplines and stakeholder participation, be place based, consider multiple interacting stresses, examine differential
adaptive capacity, and be prospective as well as historical. On the basis of these criteria, we present a general methodological
guideline of eight steps. To examine whether these eight steps, if attentively coordinated, do in fact achieve the criteria,
and in turn satisfy the objective of the assessment, we discuss two case studies. We expect most readers to identify some
of the steps as part of their well-established disciplinary practices. However, they should also identify one or more steps
as uncommon to their research traditions. Thus taken together the eight steps constitute a novel methodological framework.
We hypothesize that if researchers employ this framework, then the products of the research will (1) achieve the objective
of preparing stakeholders for the effects of global change on a site-specific basis, and (2) further the “public good” of
additional insights through cross-study comparisons of research projects designed according to common principles. 相似文献
33.
Klaus Schneider Jan Oltmanns Thomas Radenberg Thomas Schneider Dagmar Pauly-Mundegar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1996,3(3):135-138
The uptake of nitroaromatic compounds by plants from the soil was studied at an ammunition site. After the development of analytical methods for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, aminodinitrotoluenes and dinitrotoluenes in plant material, we could show that these substances accumulated in the roots of plants and are found to a lesser extent inleaves and stems. We observed only moderate differences between various plant species. It is likely that a metabolic transformation in plants leads to the formation of dinitrotoluenes which are considered to be potent carcinogens. Results from soils with a wide range of explosive concentrations show a good correlation between the plant and soil concentrations. The relative accumulation in plant material is higher at lower soil concentrations. At low soil concentrations of about 1 mg trinitrotoluene/kg soil, an accumulation factor of about 0.5 can be derived. These data are an important input for the risk assessment of ammunition sites. 相似文献
34.
A stakeholder dialogue on European vulnerability 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Anne C. de la Vega-Leinert Dagmar Schröter Rik Leemans Uta Fritsch Jacomijn Pluimers 《Regional Environmental Change》2008,8(3):109-124
A stakeholder dialogue was embedded in the ATEAM project to facilitate the development and dissemination of its European-wide
vulnerability assessment of global change impacts. Participating stakeholders were primarily ecosystem managers and policy
advisers interested in potential impacts on ‘Agriculture’, ‘Forestry’, ‘Water’, ‘Carbon storage’, ‘Biodiversity’ and ‘Mountain
environments’ sectors. First, stakeholder dialogue approaches to integrated assessment are introduced. Methodological considerations
on stakeholder selection and dialogue implementation and evaluation follow. The dialogue content and process are evaluated
from the perspectives of stakeholders and scientists. Its usefulness in the research process and the relevance of outcomes
for stakeholders are particularly considered. The challenging compromises required to perform innovative research, which seeks
to achieve both peer scientific credibility and societal relevance, are emphasized. Effective stakeholder dialogues play a
substantial role in raising the visibility and meaningfulness of vulnerability assessments as critical means to improve awareness
on global change and its potential worrying impacts on society. They further provide scientists with critical information
on ecosystem management and sectoral adaptive capacity. These processes of mutual learning and knowledge exchange moreover
foster a better understanding of the potential and limits of global change modelling and vulnerability assessment for policy
and ecosystem management.
相似文献
Anne C. de la Vega-LeinertEmail: |
35.
36.
Dagmar I. Werner Esmeralda M. Baker Elizabeth del C. Gonzalez Ines R. Sosa 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1987,21(2):83-89
Summary The research addressed two questions: (1) doIguana iguana hatchlings recognize their kin, and (2) what are the recognition mechanisms? Eggs were collected from wild and captive-raised
females and hatched in semi-natural incubators. In the first experiment we used eggs from two females. One of the clutches
was subdivided to be placed in different incubators. Immediately after emergence one of these hatchling groups was introduced
into a 10 m x 10 m enclosure. At the same time we introduced hatchlings from another female. The remaining hatchling group
was kept separate for 3 weeks and was then introduced into the same cage. Unrelated hatchlings separated from each other.
Related but separated hatchlings grouped according to introduction date. In the second experiment we maintained eight kin
groups in individual cages and two hatchlings per kin group in an additonal cage. Hatchlings from the mixed group showed no
preference for their kin before physical contact with pure kin groups had occurred. After physical contact hatchling recognized
their kin by feces smell. Body odor is likely to be also involved. 相似文献
37.
B. Ilschner R. Haase I. N. Stranski F. Scheffer H. W. Jannasch 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1964,51(12):299-300
38.
Vladimir Kucera Johan Tidblad Katerina Kreislova Dagmar Knotkova Markus Faller Daniel Reiss Rolf Snethlage Tim Yates Jan Henriksen Manfred Schreiner Michael Melcher Martin Ferm Roger-Alexandre Lefèvre Joanna Kobus 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):249-258
A “multi-pollutant exposure programme” reflecting the new pollution situation where SO2 is no longer the dominating pollutant has been performed by the International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials,
including Historic and Cultural Monuments (ICP Materials) within the activities of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary
Air Pollution. The main results obtained in the period 1997–2003 are summarised. Dose-response functions are presented for
carbon steel, zinc, copper, bronze and limestone. Parameters involved in the functions include besides SO2 and pH, which were included in the previously developed functions from ICP Materials, also the effect of particulate matter
and HNO3. 相似文献
39.
40.
Due to booming economy, growing population and rapid urbanization, solid waste generation in the cities of developing countries has significantly increased. Yangon is the largest and most densely populated city, with over five million residents in Myanmar. Open dumping is the major waste disposal method and recycling sector remains at an early development stage. With increasing waste generation, current waste management activities in Yangon have significant environmental impacts. Therefore, the study developed two linear models to predict annual solid waste generation, regarding per capita waste generation, population growth scenarios, literacy rates and gross domestic products. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Institute for Global Environmental Strategies calculation methods were used for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission prediction from recycling, waste transportation and final disposal sites (FDSs). As a result, the total annual waste generation and GHG emission in 2015 may double over the next decade. Two major FDSs, Htawe Chaung and Hteinpin, may contribute waste disposal of 272–797 kilotons per year and emit 177–518 Gg of CO2-eq per year by 2025. The assessment of annual solid waste generation and GHG emission potential may offer advantages in assisting development of waste management plans in Yangon. 相似文献