Seasonal features of aerosol particles recorded in snow from Mt. Qomolangma （Everest） and their environmental implications

To assess the seasonality of aerosol deposition and anthropogenic effects on central Himalayas, a 1.85-m deep snow pit was dug on the northern slope of Mr. Qomolangma (Everest). Based on the morphology and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) signal, totally 1500 particles were classed into 7 groups: soot; aluminosilicates; fly ash; calcium sulfates; Ca/Mg carbonates; metal oxides; and biological particles and carbon fragments. The size distribution and number fractions of different particle groups exhibited distinct seasonal variations between non-monsoon and monsoon periods, which are clearly related to the differences in air mass pathways. Specifically, the relative abundance of soot in non-monsoon period (25%) was much higher than that in monsoon period (14%), indicating Mr. Qomolangma region received more anthropogenic influence in non-monsoon than monsoon period.     

珠穆朗玛峰绒布河源区河水化学特征

为了研究绒布河源区夏季河水的基本化学特征 ,野外采集水样 117份 ,采用 PE-2380型原子吸收光谱仪测定样品的阳离子 ,Dionex-100型离子色谱仪测定阴离子 .结果表明 :①绒布河源区河水为 HCO₃,SO₄^- Ca型 .其离子浓度顺序为 :Ca²⁺>K⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺,SO^2-₄>Cl^->NO^-₃ .②河水中离子 Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、SO^2-₄ 之间 ,以及 K⁺和 Na⁺之间有很好的正相关关系 ,河水化学组成大部分来源于当地岩石的风化分解 .③整个夏季河水各月离子平均浓度和流量有良好的正相关关系 ,流量大的月份 ,各离子平均浓度也大 ,反之亦然 .