Compartmentation and effects of lead (Pb) in the collembolan,Folsomia candida

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The impact of soil lead (Pb) pollution on survival, growth, and reproduction of the collembolan, Folsomia candida, and Pb compartmentation in its gut...     

挣扎与妥协:农村家庭缘何陷入能源贫困“陷阱”

生活能源改进是实现农村低收入家庭福利提升的关键环节之一,而资产的贫困为能源的消费造成了约束,使低收入农户难以实现能源的改进以脱离贫困现状。该文借助"贫困陷阱"的定义,将这种受制于资产贫困的能源使用困境称为能源贫困"陷阱",并从农户心理视角考察了低收入家庭更容易陷入能源贫困的原因。基于2015年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,对能源贫困线进行了重新计算,认为我国现阶段农村能源贫困线应为户均600 kgce/a,并发现不论在任何能源贫困线下,收入偏低农户的能源贫困发生率、能源贫困深度和强度均远高于中高收入农户。基于此,该文同时从消费量和消费倾向两个方面估计了家庭经济状况对能源贫困的影响,结果表明:相对于中高收入农户,收入偏低农户的能源消费呈现出"既未省钱又未增效"的非经济理性特征,其能源消费负担实际更重,而消费结构却更为低效。进一步地,运用中介效应模型对这一非经济理性决策进行了解释,考察了心理因素在能源贫困"陷阱"形成中的作用,结果发现:收入偏低农户更容易表现出消极心理状态,负面的情绪和对未来的悲观预期使其在能源决策中更倾向于选择传统能源,而不愿做出能源改进的尝试。这种消极心理在一定程度上反映了收入偏低农户在能源改进中主观能动性的缺乏。正如"扶贫先扶志",政府在推行因地制宜的能源政策、开展能源基础设施建设的同时,也应该加强对贫困农户的情感帮扶,以使其产生尝试改进能源的内生动力。     

Little Egrets (Egretta Garzetta) and Trace-Metal Contamination in Wetlands of China

The rapidly developing Asian countries may face threatening environmental contamination, that however remains largely unassessed. We studied persistent trace elements in three wetlands, Poyang Lake, relatively unpolluted, and Tai Lake, and Pearl River Delta, selected as hotspots of pollution in Central China. We adopted as indicator the Little Egret, a widespread colonial waterbird, and during 1999 and 2000 we collected and analysed the same samples as for a parallel study we conducted in Pakistan, e.g. eggs, body feathers of chicks, prey spontaneously regurgitated by the chicks, and sediments at the areas most used by foraging egrets. The levels of trace-metals at our three study areas were similar, or within the range, of those found in the few other studies for East Asia, with few exceptions. The concentrations of the various elements were below the threshold that may affect the survival or reproduction of the birds, and even the highest concentrations relative to background, i.e. Se in eggs, and Hg in feathers at Pearl Delta, do not pose toxic hazards. In sediments, the levels of trace elements were lower than the critical levels assumed for contaminated soil, except for alarming high levels of As at Poyang. These results do not confirm our expectation, that Poyang was relatively uncontaminated, while Tai and Pearl were polluted. Although trace metal concentration differed significantly among the three study areas, these differences were minor and were not consistent among elements and samples. The bioaccumulation ratios from sediments through prey, feather and egg, were consistent with our previous findings for Pakistan. Only Hg exhibited high bioaccumulation, while Se and Zn had low accumulation, and the other elements no accumulation. This reasserts that feathers of predators such as egrets, may be more sensitive indicators of environmental contamination for the elements subject to bioaccumulation, whereas the sediments or the organisms low in the food chain are better indicators for the other elements.     

用环己烷氧化副产物制备浮选剂

在固体酸催化剂作用下,用环己烷氧化制备环己酮的副产物——酸性油和轻质油进行酯化反应,制备了羧酸混合酯,酯化反应的最佳工艺条件：n（C4-C5醇）：n（有机羧酸）=1．2：1,催化剂质量分数为1．5％,反应温度为110-160℃,反应时间为5h。经应用评价结果表明,该羧酸混合酯是一种性能优异的选煤浮选剂。     

松嫩平原西部碱尘气溶胶的时段变化及其气候影响因素分析

利用耦合等离子体发射光谱测试技术(ICP-AES)对松嫩平原西部2003年7月到2004年5月间获得的大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品进行了元素分析,并结合气象资料和TSP质量浓度,初步确定了碱尘活动年际内的演变规律及其主要控制因素.结果表明,TSP质量浓度的高峰时段是早春,其元素总体浓度亦高于其它时段,其中Na元素浓度具有明显的高值,表明碱尘在该时段为TSP的主要成分;晚春时段区域沙尘影响加强,很难监测本地碱尘活动;夏季,碱尘的3种重要元素(Na、Ca、K)含量增加,表明夏季有碱尘活动,与TSP浓度偏高吻合;秋季,碱尘和区域沙尘的活动均减弱.影响碱尘活动的气候因子主要是风力、降水量、温度、日照和湿度,但不同时段其主导作用不同.     

不同氮源和曝气方式对淡水藻类生长的影响

利用水族箱微宇宙研究了2种氮源水体中不同曝气条件对藻类生长的影响.试验使用铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)和硝态氮(NO₃^--N)作为氮源,每种氮源水体分别设置不曝气、连续曝气、昼间曝气和夜间曝气4个处理.结果显示:试验初期以NH₄⁺-N为主要氮源的水体中藻类生长明显好于以NO₃^--N为主要氮源的水体.试验后期则以NO₃^--N为主要氮源的藻类生长情况更好.连续曝气对于2种氮源水体中藻类生长有着不同的影响;昼间曝气对2种氮源的藻类生长影响不大;而夜间曝气对藻类生长有明显的抑制作用.NH₄⁺-N含量较高的水体中蓝藻容易成为优势种,而NO₃^--N含量高的水体中则以绿藻为主.不同曝气条件下藻类优势种没有明显差别.     

沈阳市苏家屯区危险废物管理、处置现状与对策

对沈阳市苏家屯区危险废物现状进行了调查,分析了危险废物的来源、产生量、特征及存在的主要问题。在此基础上,提出对危险废物管理处置对策,包括开展危险废物申报登记;加强苏家屯区危险废物监督管理;源头控制危险废物污染产生和建设危险废物集中处置场等。     

网络嵌入与风险感知对农户绿色耕作技术采纳行为的影响分析——基于湖北省615个农户的调查数据

基于社会嵌入理论,利用湖北省615个农户调查数据,运用结构方程模型实证分析网络嵌入与风险感知对农户绿色耕作技术采纳行为的影响路径及其群组差异。研究发现：（1）当前采用绿色耕作技术的农户比例相对较小,其中以秸秆还田覆盖技术采用率相对较高,而深松、有机肥、生物农药等采用率略低;（2）网络嵌入和风险感知对农户绿色耕作技术采用行为具有显著的正向影响,同时风险感知在结构嵌入对农户绿色耕作技术采纳行为的影响中具有中介效应;（3）相比受教育程度与家庭年收入,家庭实际经营土地面积在网络嵌入对农户绿色耕作技术采纳行为影响中的作用更为明显。鉴于此,建议应积极推进农地适度规模经营,并鼓励建立内嵌于当地农技推广站、以种植大户为先导的绿色适用技术推广与讨论网络,确保绿色耕作技术落到田间地头。同时,政府应加强灾害预警与田间学校建设,通过宣传教育与培训指导,强化农户绿色生产意识,引导农户推行绿色生产方式。     

Dechlorination and conversion mechanism of trichlorobenzene as a model compound of chlorine-containing wastes by different base-catalyzed combinations

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chlorine-containing organic waste (COWs) is a big threat for the waste incineration because of the dioxin generation and equipment corrosion....     

Bidens pilosa L. hyperaccumulating Cd with different species in soil and the role of EDTA on the hyperaccumulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Investigating whether the same hyperaccumulator shows a high accumulation potential for different species of the same heavy metal in the soil has...