Small-scale mining in China: Assessing recent advances in the policy and regulatory framework

This paper explores the background of a proposed revision to the Mineral Resources Law of China, why and how the law was amended in the past, its salient features and objectives. Of equal importance is an analysis of how this national law, with its attendant regulations and policies, formed the basis for the growth and continued development of China's small-scale mining industry. The Xiaoqingling Gold Mountain case study is shown to justify the necessity and feasibility for formalizing and consolidating small-scale mines in China, and to some extent, the success of the nation-wide ASM resource consolidation policy at a local level.     

我国中部地区经济增长收敛性分析

运用以人口为权数的Theil指数分析我国中部地区经济σ-收敛发现:1997-2007年中部地区存在较明显的σ-收敛,且省际间的经济差异是中部地区经济σ-收敛的阻碍因素;同时运用Barro和Sala-i-Martin经典模型分析中部地区经济β-收敛,通过加入影响经济增长的动态变量--城市化、工业化等条件发现:中部地区存在显著的条件β-收敛,其中工业化和创新能力是影响中部地区条件β-收敛的首要因素,政府过度干预经济的行为是阻碍其条件β-收敛的重要因素.     

大气颗粒物样品中主量和痕量元素的直接测定

采用一种新的标样制备方法,用波长色散X射线荧光光谱直接定量分析由微孔滤膜抽滤所吸附和收集的大气颗粒物中主量和痕量无机元素.具有快速、简便、准确和经济等特点.     

Uptake and depuration of cesium in the green mussel Perna viridis

 The accumulation and depuration of Cs in the green mussels (Perna viridis) commonly found in the subtropical and tropical waters were studied under the laboratory conditions using radiotracer techniques. Following an initial rapid sorption onto the mussel's tissues, uptake of Cs exhibited linear patterns over a short exposure time (8 h) at different ambient Cs concentrations. The concentration factor was independent of ambient Cs concentration. The calculated uptake rate and initial sorption constant of Cs were directly proportional to the ambient Cs concentration. The calculated uptake rate constant from the dissolved phase in the mussels was as low as 0.026 l g⁻¹ d⁻¹. Uptake rates of Cs in the mussels were inversely related to the ambient salinity. Uptake increased about twofold when the salinity was reduced from 33 to 15 ppt. The effect of salinity on Cs uptake was primarily due to the change in ambient K⁺ concentration. The uptake rate decreased in a power function with increasing tissue dry weight of the mussels, although the initial sorption was not related to the mussel's body size. The efflux rate constant of Cs in the mussels was 0.15 to 0.18 d⁻¹, and was the highest recorded to date among different metals in marine bivalves. The efflux rate constant also decreased in a power function with increasing tissue dry weight of mussels. A simple kinetic model predicted that the bioconcentration factor of Cs in the green mussels was 145, which was higher than measurements taken in their temperate counterparts. The bioconcentration factor also decreased in a power function with increasing tissue dry weight of mussels. Received: 27 October 1999 / Accepted: 16 June 2000     

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments

The biodegradability of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mixture consisted of fluorene (Fl), phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pyr) by a bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments under sediment-free and sediment slurry conditions was investigated. The enriched consortium made up of three bacterial strains, namely Rhodococcus sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp., had a good PAH degradation capability with 100% degradation of Fl and Phe in sediment-free liquid medium after 4 weeks of growth. The Fl and Phe degradation percentages in sediment slurry were higher than that in liquid medium. Autochthonous microorganisms in sediments also possessed satisfactory PAH degradation capability and all three PAHs were almost completely degraded after 4 weeks of growth. Bioaugumentation (inoculation of the enriched consortium to sediments) showed a positive effect on PAH biodegradation after 1 week of growth. Complete biodegradation of pyrene took longer time than that for Fl and Phe, indicating the enriched bacterial consortium had preference to utilize low-molecular weight PAHs.     

Impact factors of the degradation of bisphenol A by nitrocellulose membrane under illumination

Nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) can produce hydroxyl radicals under illumination, which promotes the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants. In this paper, NCM was used to oxidize bisphenol A (BPA) under simulated sunlight. The effects of pH, temperature, light intensity, anion and cation on the degradation of BPA were analyzed. The photodegradation process of BPA was discussed. The optimal photolysis rate was 0.031 min^?1 when the temperature was 30°C, the light intensity was 2.67 × 10⁴ Lux, and the pH value was 9.0. The alkaline environment, temperature and light intensity can promote the photodegradation of BPA. Except for nitrate ions, anions and cations can inhibit the photodegradation of BPA. Compared with cations, anions have a greater inhibitory effect on BPA degradation. The degradation products of BPA by NCM were analyzed by gas chromatographic/mass. This study may provide useful information for the BPA degradation by NCM in complex water samples.     

铜绿微囊藻中性红染色研究

以铜绿微囊藻为材料,研究了中性红染色法在藻细胞活性检测方面的运用。对染色剂浓度、染色时间、细胞密度和细胞活性等条件进行了研究。结果显示,中性红浓度为1/5000,染色时间15min时,染色率可以达到98%以上。而常用的台盼蓝染色效果较差,只有50%左右。在藻细胞活性检测中,中性红比台盼蓝更准确和可靠。     

钢铁厂冷轧废水污泥中铬回收实验研究

钢铁厂冷轧废水污泥中含有10%以上的铬、20%以上的铁和1.5%以上的锌(均以质量分数计).为了从污泥中回收铬,首先研究了污泥中铬的形态,确定为Cr(Ⅲ);然后以碳酸钠为氧化助剂,将污泥与碳酸钠按一定比例混合后焙烧,再用水浸取.研究了碳酸钠的添加量、焙烧温度和时间、浸取时间和浸取方式对铬回收率的影响.研究表明,每克干污泥中添加0.6 g或以上碳酸钠,在固定床上700 ℃焙烧4 h以上,可实现60%以上的总铬浸出率,残渣为Fe2O3基脱硫剂原料.     

快速生物活性测定方法的仪器化

好氧活性污泥法在污水处理中应用广泛.保持污泥活性,是良好处理效果的前提,也是运行控制的主要目标.活性污泥的呼吸速率,或者氧利用速率(oxygen uptake rate,OUR),能够指示污泥的活性变化.本研究开发的快速生物活性测定仪(rapid biological activity tester,RBAT),能够快速测定污泥活性参数,满足工程设计与运行的迫切要求.     

集成电路产业含氟废水处理工程

介绍采用三级反应一级沉淀为主体工艺,处理集成电路产业含氟废水的实际应用情况和工程治理效果。实践表明,采用本处理技术,能确保出水水质氟离子浓度达到上海市《污水综合排放标准》(DB31/199-1997)的二级标准,即F-浓度≤10mg/L。