升流式厌氧污泥床处理抗生素制药废水

采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理抗生素制药废水。实验结果表明:进水COD为9 300mg/L、容积负荷为9.3kg/(m3.d)时,COD去除率仍在80%以上;在COD∶ρ(SO42-)=6、进水ρ(SO42-)为1 500mg/L以下时,COD去除率一直保持在80%以上,SO42-去除率始终在23%以下。SO24-的存在对产甲烷菌影响不大,UASB反应器运行稳定。UASB反应器产沼气的产气率达0.48m3/kg,沼气中甲烷体积分数为68%,二氧化碳体积分数为27%,产甲烷菌具有较高的活性。     

对秦皇岛市“十二五”环境保护规划的几点思考

"十一五"期间,秦皇岛市的环境保护取得了明显的成绩,"十二五"期间,秦皇岛市的环境保护工作仍然面临严峻挑战。因此,应该遵循环境优先、不欠新账、强化治理、机制创新、注重规划衔接等原则,高水平编制秦皇岛市"十二五"环境保护规划,重点落实编制秦皇岛市主体功能区划,深入推进水污染综合治理,建立完善环境保护考核机制,加强环境保护监督管理,明确环境保护重点项目,提高规划的可操作性。     

Projecting Spatial Patterns of Flood Hazard: Recent Climate and Future Changes over Yangtze River Basin

Projection of hazard changes in climate extremes is critical to assessing the potential impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. Using simulations of providing regional climates for impacts studies, five indicators (rainstorm days, maximum 3-day precipitation, elevation, gradient and distance from river or lake) were selected to project the spatial patterns of flood hazard over Yangtze River Basin for the baseline period (1961– 1990) and future (2011–2100) under SRES B2 scenario. The results ...     

扬州市农业节能减排的潜力分析

本文结合扬州市农业生产的实际,重点从化肥投入量的控减、农作物秸秆和畜禽粪便的资源化再利用等三个方面,分析扬州市农业节能减排的潜力。结果表明,扬州市农业节能减排的潜力巨大,只要完善相应的节能减排措施,通过农业生产节能和农业生产废弃物的能源化利用,每年可产生330万t煤炭的节能效益。据此,提出了推进扬州市农业节能减排的对策。     

锑在水中的形态变化及除锑技术现状

介绍了锑在水中的形态变化方式,如由固态锑到离子态锑的转变、锑离子的水解、锑的生物甲基化等,阐述了含锑废水的处理技术如吸附法、沉淀法、中和法等的优缺点,并指出高效、环保、廉价除锑吸附剂的开发和对锑甲基化转化过程的探讨是今后研究的重点.     

PCDD/F, PAH and heavy metals in the sewage sludge from six wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China

In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals, PCDD/F and PAHs in sewage sludge was investigated from six different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Beijing City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Zn in Wujiacun (WJC) sewage sludge, and Cd and Hg in sewage sludge generated from all of the six different places are higher than Chinese regulation limit of pollutants for sludge to be used for agriculture (GB18918-2002). The levels of 16 PAHs that have been categorized as priority pollutants by US EPA in the sewage sludge samples varied from 2467 to 25923 microg/kg (dry weight), the highest values of 25923 microg/kg being found in WJC WWTP. The concentrations of Benzo[a]pyrene were as high as 6.1mg/kg dry weight in WJC sewage sludge, exceeding the maximum permitted content by GB18918-2002. Individual PAH content varies considerably with sewage samples. The ratios of anthracene to anthracene plus phenanthrene (An/178), benz[a]anthracene to benz[a]anthracene plus chrysene (BaA/228), indene[1,2,3-cd]pyrene to indene[1,2,3-cd]pyrene plus benzo[g,h,i]perylene (In/In+BP), and fluoranthene to fluoranthene plus pyrene (Fl/Fl+Py) suggest that petroleum and combustion of fossil fuel were the dominant contributions for the PAHs in sewage sludge. The concentrations of total PCDD/F in the sewage sludge ranged from 330 to 4245 pg/g d.w. The toxicity equivalent concentrations is between 3.47-88.24 pg I-TEQ according to NATO/CCMS, which is below Chinese legislation limit value proposed for land application. The PCDD/F congener/homologue profiles found in the Beijing samples indicated that the high chlorinated PCDD/F contamination might originate mainly from PCP-related source and depositional sources while the low chlorinated PCDD/F homologues could be originating from incineration or coal combustion. The major source of PCDD/Fs in Beijing sludge is still unclear.     

Selective removal of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous solution by triolein-embedded composite adsorbent

A novel composite adsorbent (CA-T) was used for the selective removal of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was composed of the supporting activated carbon and the surrounding triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption isotherms and fluorescence methods were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of CA-T. Triolein was perfectly embedded in the cellulose acetate membrane and deposited on the surface of activated carbon. The adsorbent was stable in water and no triolein leakage was detected during the test periods. Some organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), such as dieldrin, endrin, aldrin, and heptachlor epoxide, were used as model contaminants and removed by CA-T in laboratory batch experiments. The adsorption isotherm followed the Freundlich equation and the kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order reaction model. Results also indicated that CA-T appeared to be a promising adsorbent with good selectivity and satisfactory removal rate for lipophilic OCPs from aqueous solutions when present in trace amounts. The adsorption rate and removal efficiency for lipophilic OCPs were positively related to their octanol-water partition coefficients (log K(ow)). Lower residual concentrations of OCPs were achieved when compared to granular activated carbon (GAC).     

致突变的致癌剂和非致癌剂在引发DNA股间交联上的显著差别

借碱洗脱法证明：具有致突变能力的致癌剂1,2－二溴乙烷和肼在经过代谢活化后,均剂理相关地引起L1210细胞中DNA的股间交联。相反,动物致癌试验表现阴性的突变剂溴乙烷,以及通过各种致癌动物试验均显示阴性的传统常用致突变剂羟胺,在代谢活化以后的同样条件下均不能引起L1210细胞中DNA的股间交联。这证明了双区理论的致癌观点,即致癌剂必须是双官能烷化剂,其同时引起互补碱对的交联将引起癌变。相反,股内单一碱基的变异则可能引起致突变作用。并用APCI／SIM（大气压化学电离／选择离子质谱）证明：1,2－二溴乙烷与DNA碱基对的模型反应,与致突实验一致主要引起G－C对的交联和发生G－C→A－T突变。     

杭州湾北岸多年水沙特性变化及原因探讨

强潮作用下杭州湾北岸受到围垦等人类活动的影响.基于1982和2017年实测数据对比分析了35年来杭州湾北岸的潮流、含沙量、盐度和地形变化.研究表明:与1982年相比,区域内的潮流场结构整体不变,各测点均呈往复流态势,多年来涨潮流速大于落潮流速;研究区域内多年垂向平均含沙量下降22％,底部高浓度集中,表底层浓度梯度增大,含沙量高值区在空间上的分布由芦潮港向湾内移动,金山深槽区的含沙量增长了79％.综合岸线和水下地形变化与长江减沙、地貌冲淤和局地人类活动密切相关,杭州湾北岸仍将面临侵蚀的风险威胁.     

Calculation and decomposition of regional household energy consumption in China: based on perspectives of urbanization and residents’ consumption

Demographic urbanization caused great changes in scale of residents’ consumption and residents’ lifestyle and then impacted changes of regional household energy consumption. This paper expanded Logarithmic Mean Decomposition Index method through introducing variables of urbanization and residential consumption into the model. It also analyzed the influences of six factors as energy structure, energy intensity, population scale, urbanization, residential consumption, and consumption inhibit on regional household energy consumption. Results showed that in 2003–2012, impact of urbanization on regional household energy consumption of Chinese three areas was significantly higher than population size. The “population gathered in eastern region” phenomenon caused eastern region getting the largest population scale effect. Driving force of residential consumption on regional household energy consumption was much higher than the other five effects. Due to the comparative advantage of residential consumption compared with government consumption, investment, and net export, the decrease of consumption ratio promoted the growth of regional household energy consumption. Energy intensity in Chinese three regions kept reducing in 2003–2012. The progress of energy utilization technology slowed the growth of regional household energy consumption, and energy intensity effect was most significant in the central region.