Chemical constituents of one endophytic fungus isolated from Cordyceps sinensis北大核心CSCD

The study focused on the analysis of the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extracts of Penicillium herquei, an endophyte of Cordyceps sinensis. The compounds were isolated and purified by chromatographic procedures and identified on the basis of spectral methods. Eleven compounds were identified: 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethylacetophenone (1), vanillin (2), 3-oxo-α-ionone (3), 3,3,5-trimethyl-4-(3-oxo-1-butenyl)cyclohexan-1-one (4), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5), p-hydroxyacetophenone (6), methyl p-hydroxyphenylacetate (7), cyclo-(Pro-Ile) (8), cyclo-(Pro-Val) (9), 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (10), and cyclo-(4-methyl-Pro-Val) (11). Benzaldehydes, ionones, and cyclodipeptides are the major metabolites of the P. herquei from C. sinensis. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Degradation of Azo dye direct black BN based on adsorption and microwave-induced catalytic reaction

The novel microwave catalyst MgFe₂O₄-SiC was synthesized via sol-gel method, to remove azo dye Direct Black BN (DB BN) through adsorption and microwave-induced catalytic reaction. Microwave-induced catalytic degradation of DB BN, including adsorption behavior and its influencing factors of DB BN on MgFe₂O₄-SiC were investigated. According to the obtained results, it indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was suitable for the adsorption of DB BN onto MgFe₂O₄-SiC. Besides, the consequence of adsorption isotherm depicted that the adsorption of DB BN was in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm, which verified that the singer layer adsorption of MgFe₂O₄-SiC was dominant than the multi-layer one. The excellent adsorption capacities of MgFe₂O₄-SiC were kept in the range of initial pH from 3 to 7. In addition, it could be concluded that the degradation rate of DB BN decreased over ten percent after the adsorption equilibrium had been attained, and the results from the result of comparative experiments manifested that the adsorption process was not conducive to the process of microwave-induced catalytic degradation. The degradation intermediates and products of DB BN were identified and determined by GC-MS and LC-MS. Furthermore, combined with the catalytic mechanism of MgFe₂O₄-SiC, the proposed degradation pathways of DB BN were the involution of microwave-induced $OH and holes in this catalytic system the breakage of azo bond, hydroxyl substitution, hydroxyl addition, nitration reaction, deamination reaction, desorbate reaction, dehydroxy group and ring-opening reaction.

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水环境中天然有机物对纳米颗粒吸附铅和镉的不同作用

为阐明天然有机物(NOM)在纳米颗粒(NPs)吸附重金属中的作用,研究了蛋白质(牛血清白蛋白,BSA)、碳水化合物(海藻酸钠,NaAlg)和腐殖酸(HA)对二氧化钛纳米颗粒(TNPs)和氧化铈纳米颗粒(CNPs)聚集沉降和吸附Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的影响.结果表明,当Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺在20—120 mg·L-1范围内,HA和NaAlg显著促进了TNPs和CNPs对这些金属离子的吸附(P<0.05),而BSA对这些金属吸附的影响甚微.TNPs-HA和TNPs-NaAlg对Pb²⁺的吸附分别提高了14%—41%和16%—57%,对Cd²⁺的吸附分别提高了12%—112%和22%—143%.与CNPs相比,CNPs-HA和CNPs-NaAlg对Pb²⁺的吸附增加了21%—71%和23%—65%,对Cd²⁺的吸附增加了26%—45%和45%—91%.并且NPs和NPs-NOM对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附符合Freundlich吸附模型.离子强度的增加抑制了NPs-HA/NaAlg和NPs对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附,而pH的增加对NPs-HA/NaAlg和NPs吸附Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺起促进作用.     

三丁基锡在水-脂质体间的分配行为

测定了不同酸度条件下三丁基锡(TBT)的正辛醇-水分配系数,并用卵磷脂自行制备脂质体代替正辛醇研究了TBT在人工合成生物膜-水间的分配行为.结果表明TBT在正辛醇和脂膜中的分配均随pH的增大而增大.但将二者进行比较,发现在pH＞pK_a时,TBT在二者中的分配比很接近,此时是疏水性TBTOH占优势;但在低pH下,TBT⁺是主要存在形态,其在脂膜中的分配量要大于在正辛醇中的分配量,说明此时用正辛醇来模拟三丁基锡在生物膜中的分配是不合适的.对离子型有机金     

MicroRNAs and their role in environmental chemical carcinogenesis

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNA species that play crucial roles across many biological processes and in the pathogenesis of major...     

Identifying human-induced influence on microbial community: A comparative study in the effluent-receiving areas in Hangzhou Bay

Microbial compositions showed high differences in two study areas. COD was the key anthropogenic indicator in the coastal wastewater disposal area. Distinctive microbes capable of degrading toxic pollutants were screened. Microbial communities in effluent-receiving areas followed “niche theory”. Microbial community structure is affected by both natural processes and human activities. In coastal area, anthropegenetic activity can usually lead to the discharge of the effluent from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to sea, and thus the water quality chronically turns worse and marine ecosystem becomes unhealthy. Microorganisms play key roles in pollutants degradation and ecological restoration; however, there are few studies about how the WWTP effluent disposal influences coastal microbial communities. In this study, sediment samples were collected from two WWTP effluent-receiving areas (abbreviated as JX and SY) in Hangzhou Bay. First, based on the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, microbial community structure was analyzed. Secondly, several statistical analyses were conducted to reveal the microbial community characteristics in response to the effluent disposal. Using PCoA, the significant difference of in microbial community structure was determined between JX and SY; using RDA, water COD and temperature, and sediment available phosphate and ammonia nitrogen were identified as the key environmental factors for the community difference; using LDA effect size analysis, the most distinctive microbes were found and their correlations with environmental factors were investigated; and according to detrended beta-nearest-taxon-index, the sediment microbial communities were found to follow “niche theory”. An interesting and important finding was that in SY that received more and toxic COD, many distinctive microbes were related to the groups that were capable of degrading toxic organic pollutants. This study provides a clear illustration of eco-environmental deterioration under the long-term human pressure from the view of microbial ecology.     

Enhancing short-term ethanol-type fermentation of waste activated sludge by adding saccharomycetes and the implications for bioenergy and resource recovery

Ethanol-type sludge fermentation has recently attracted much attention because it can enhance direct interspecies electron transfer and thus improve the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge(WAS). In this paper, the enhancement of short-term ethanol-type fermentation of WAS via adding Saccharomyces was investigated. The experimental results show that the maximum ethanol production of 1030.8 ± 20.6 mg/L was achieved, with the optimum fermentation conditions of a p H of 5.1, temperature of...     

底质耗氧行为探讨

本文介绍了底质耗氧速率方程，速率常数ｋ值比较及温度对ｋ值的影响等，对南排污河等底质的研究表明：ｋ值大，污染严重，故可用ｋ值估计底质污染的轻重。另外，温度升高，底质耗氧速率常数增大。     

微生物对石油污染物的降解作用

针对油井附近落地油污染地表土壤的问题,利用热蒸发色谱技术,对油污土壤中加入微生物对原油的降解特征进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,在油污土壤中加入微生物,对落地油有明显的降解作用,可以减轻石油生产过程中油污对土壤的破坏和对环境的污染。随着微生物降解作用的不断进行,土壤中污油的相对降解速度逐渐加快,相对降解率逐渐增加。生物处理法的过程较简单,处理费用低,处理效果好,一般不会产生二次污染。