活性组分含量和复合载体对SCR催化剂脱硝活性的影响

采用浸渍法制备V2O5 - WO3/TiO2催化剂,研究了活性组分WO3和V2O5含量对催化剂脱硝活性的影响.在催化剂载体中加入SiO2或Al2O3粉末,考察了复合载体对催化剂性能的影响.实验结果表明:适宜的WO3质量分数为10％,V2O5质量分数为0.50％;在催化剂载体中加入SiO2或Al2O3粉末,一定程度上降低...     

凹土-聚合氯化铝复合材料处理含磷废水的研究

以凹土(AG)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)为原料,制备了纳米复合材料AG-PAC复合物(AP),探讨AG与PAC复配比(以质量比计,下同)、AP投加量、反应时间和溶液pH等因素对AP处理低浓度含磷废水的影响.结果表明,在相同的反应条件下,AP对TP的去除效果比单用PAC和AG的去除效果均要好;AG与PAC的最佳复配比为10～...     

Ground-level ozone in the Pearl River Delta and the roles of VOC and NO(x) in its production

In many regions of China, very rapid economic growth has been accompanied by air pollution caused by vehicle emissions. In one of these regions, the Pearl River Delta, the variations of ground-level ozone and its precursors were investigated. Overall, the ambient concentrations of NO(2) increased quickly between 1995 and 1996, but then slightly decreased due to stringent nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) emission controls. Nonetheless, ambient NO(2) levels in the Pearl River Delta remained high. The regional average concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were 290 ppbC in summer and 190 ppbC in autumn. Local emissions and long-distance transportation of pollutants play important roles in the regional distribution of VOCs. Ambient O(3) production is significant in urban areas and also downwind of cities. The relative incremental reactivities (RIRs), determined by an observation-based model, showed that ground-level ozone formation in the Guangzhou urban area is generally limited by the concentrations of VOCs, but there are also measurable impacts of NO(x).     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the serum and breast milk of the resident population from production area, China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been produced in the south coast area of Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province in China, but little is known about the PBDE exposure level of residents to these compounds. We set out to assess potential health risks of PBDEs in the south coast area of the Laizhou Bay by determining the concentrations of PBDEs in serum and breast milk. We measured concentrations of eight PBDE congeners in serum and breast milk. The arithmetic means of Σ₈PBDE in pooled serum and breast milk were 613 ng/g lipid and 81.5 ng/g lipid, respectively. The highest concentration for Σ₈PBDE in all serum pools was 1830 ng/g lipid from the 41–50 year old female group. BDE-209 was the predominant congener, with the mean concentrations of 403 ng/g lipid in serum and 45.6 ng/g lipid in breast milk, respectively. BDE-209 averagely accounted for 65.8% and 54.2% of the total PBDEs, respectively. Our results suggest that high exposures to PBDEs have led to very high PBDE concentrations in serum and breast milk from the residents living in the south coast area of Laizhou Bay. High PBDE concentrations in human serum, particularly in women, pose a potential public health threat to local residents.     

生物亲和亲水磁性填料在污水生物处理中的应用

采用添加生物亲和亲水物质、活性炭及磁粉并磁化的改性聚丙烯填料,进行挂膜和模拟污水生物降解试验.结果发现,普通聚丙烯填料改性后,水滴静态接触角降低22%,含水率提高3～5倍;改性聚丙烯填料比普通聚丙烯填料具有更快的挂膜速度和更高的COD降解率,并能承受更高的气液比以及气流和水流的冲击.改性聚丙烯填料的挂膜期从普通聚丙烯填料的7 d缩短为3 d;将初始COD为500 mg/L的模拟污水完全降解,改性聚丙烯填料需10.5 h,而普通聚丙烯填料则需22.5 h;在连续处理的操作方式下,当气液比为40:1时,改性聚丙烯填料的COD降解率达到最大,为99%,而普通聚丙烯填料则在气液比为30:1时,达到最大的COD降解率,为79%.     

Effect of SME biodiesel blends on PM2.5 emission from a heavy-duty engine

To explore the effect of biodiesel and sulfur content on PM_2.5 emissions, engine dynamometer tests were performed on a Euro II engine to compare the PM_2.5 emissions from four fuels: two petroleum diesel fuels with sulfur contents of 50 and 100 ppm respectively, and two B20 fuels in which soy methyl ester (SME) biodiesel was added to each of the above mentioned petroleum diesel fuels (v/v: 80%/20% for petroleum diesel and SME respectively). Gaseous pollutants and PM_2.5 emissions were sampled with an AVL AMA4000 and Model 130 High-Flow Impactor (MSP Corp). Measurements were made of the PM_2.5 mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and the water-soluble ion distribution. The results showed that PM_2.5 emissions decreased with lower sulfur content or blending with SME biodiesel, and the decrease would be more by applying both two methods together. Particles of approximately 0.13 μm contributed 48–83% of PM_2.5 emissions. The impact of sulfur content on this percentage was different for low and high engine speed. The majority of PM_2.5 was comprised of OC and EC, and the carbon emission rate had the same trend as PM_2.5. Since the EC abatement of B20 was larger than OC, the OC/EC ratio of B20 was always larger than that of petroleum diesel. For petroleum diesel, the OC/EC increased with sulfur content, which was not the case for B20. The SO₄^2? had highest emission rate in the water-soluble ions of PM.     

吸附树脂组合工艺对微污染水的净化处理效果研究

利用江苏省盐城市串场河水作为源水,在常规处理工艺对源水进行前处理的基础上,结合树脂吸附处理工艺探讨了新型吸附树脂对水源水的处理效果和树脂吸附剂的再生效果.结果表明,新型吸附树脂按照ZH-02、ZH-03和ZH-00的顺序进行组合,对经沉淀砂滤预处理后的饮用水源水中微污染有机化合物具有较好的去除效果,处理2 000 BV后需对树脂进行再生,用2～2.5 BV的醇碱在常温下脱附,元素分析结果表明脱附效果较好,对水源水进行深度处理的原料成本大约为3.9元/t.     

活性污泥总DNA提取方法的比较

从处理某制药废水的MBR反应器中采集活性污泥,评价不同DNA提取方法对其总DNA提取效率的影响。DNA提取分细胞裂解和DNA纯化2步,对细胞裂解比较了珠磨匀浆法、反复冻融法、十二烷基磺酸钠（sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS）裂解法等7种方法;对DNA纯化比较了酚/氯仿纯化法和胶回收纯化法。结果表明,SDS裂解法、酚氯仿纯化法最优。通过条件优化实验,确定SDS裂解酚/氯仿纯化法在污泥量1.1 g,10 000 r/min离心5 min的操作条件下,获得的DNA产量（10 774 μg/g泥重）和纯度（OD₂₆₀∶OD₂₈₀=1.84）等综合指标最好。     

离子浮选法处理电镀废水实验研究

进行离子浮选法处理电镀废水的研究,对影响因素pH、CA∶CMe(摩尔比)、离子强度、浮选时间和通气量等进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:离子分离选择性递减顺序为:Cd2+Zn2+Fe2+Cu2+Ni2+。当CA∶CMe为2.5～3∶1,pH为8.5～9,离子强度不高于0.0001 mol/L时,离子浮选对镉、锌、铜、镍等金属离子均有很高的去除率,Cd2+、Zn2+、Fe2+、Ni2+、Cu2+残余浓度最低分别可达0.05、0.20、0.22、0.28和0.33 mg/L,处理后的电镀废水各污染物浓度均达到排放标准。泡沫产品中镉、锌、铜、镍品位分别达到3.2%、9.3%、18.1%和13.2%,具有极高的资源回收价值。     

酵母菌对不同液相体系中锌离子的吸附行为

主要对面包酵母菌在Zn2+和Zn2+-Pb2+两种离子体系中Zn2+的吸附行为进行了探讨。选择灭活面包酵母菌为吸附剂,对pH、菌体加入量等吸附影响因素进行了探讨并进行了吸附动力学过程和等温吸附效果的研究。结果表明,不同离子体系中相同初始浓度情况下,动力学研究显示实验所用面包酵母菌对溶液中Zn2+而言是一种快速高效的生物吸附剂,且在整个吸附过程中存在:qt(Pb2+)qt(Zn2+-Pb2+)qt(Zn2+)。实验条件下,以单离子体系中的Zn2+、Pb2+和双离子体系中的总离子为研究对象时,都能很好符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,计算获得面包酵母菌对不同离子体系的最大吸附量大小顺序为:qmax(Zn2+-Pb2+)qmax(Zn2+)qmax(Pb2+);然而通过对动力学吸附过程、实际平衡吸附量qeqex、吸附能力参数KL和EDS测试结果的综合分析,认为面包酵母菌对各体系中离子的吸附能力大小顺序为:Pb2(单+)(Zn2+-Pb2+)Zn(2单+)。同时认为Pb2+的存在对面包酵母菌吸附Zn2+的行为过程具有强烈抑制作用。