基于3个生物评价指数的滦河上游水质评价研究

对滦河上游布设的10个监测站点分别于2012年和2015年进行了四次大型无脊椎底栖动物采样,并对其种类区系组成、密度及分布进行了统计分析.在基于大型无脊椎底栖动物进行水质评价的过程中,分别使用需氧有机体百分率、Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数和BI生物指数对滦河上游的水质状况进行评价,并获得了基于三个指数的各站点的水质情况.在分析各站点的水质评价结果的一致性和差异性的基础上,对三个指数用于水质评价的可行性和合理性进行了讨论.     

90Sr在干旱地区包气带砂土中的迁移研究

放射性废物处置的基本安全目标是保护人类和环境免受电离辐射的有害影响.开展处置场环境影响评价可以量化它对人体健康和环境潜在影响.90Sr是放射性废物中具有代表性的裂变核素.为了获取90Sr在干旱地区某处置场址包气带砂土中的迁移规律,采用静态实验和动态实验对其在砂土的迁移进行了研究.结果表明,对于该场址,砂土对90Sr的吸附能力较弱;静态实验测量得到的分配系数与动态实验拟合计算得到的相差约一个量级;采用非平衡模式模拟该场址包气带砂土中90Sr的迁移更为恰当.     

液体危化品罐车卸货防喷技术研究

液体危化品大量地通过罐车运输,目前液体危化品罐车卸货完成后从通用卸货管道上拔掉卸货软管时,发生软管内残余液体危化品外喷伤人现象,其原因是液体危化品罐车卸货完毕,关闭罐车上的卸货阀门后,软管内压力大于管口大气压,在从通用卸货管道上拔掉卸货软管时,造成管内残余液体危化品从管口外喷,拔管时出现的外喷现象的动力,就是来自于这种压差.提出解决该问题的方法是对罐车的卸货装置进行简单改造,增加一个调节装置来平衡卸货软管内与外界大气压,消除液体外喷的动力.并在一家危险化学品经营企业的浓硝酸运输罐车上进行了实践应用,证明了该方法安全可行,提高了浓硝酸卸货时的安全性.     

PAHs pass through the cell wall and partition into organelles of arbuscular mycorrhizal roots of ryegrass

The subcellular process and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in arbuscular mycorrhizal plants remains to be elucidated. This work used a greenhouse experiment to show that, accompanied by the apoplastic and symplastic water movement through the root, acenaphthene (ACE) as a representative PAH passed through the cell-wall boundary, dissolved in the cell solution, and partition organelles in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The observed concentrations of ACE in organelles were 0.6 to 4.4 times higher than in the cell walls. The cell wall and organelles were the dominant storage domains for ACE in the root, and the distribution of ACE in cells of mycorrhizal ryegrass roots was, in descending order, cell organelles (40.8-70.8%) > cell wall (19.7-3.8%) cell solution (9.6-20.5%).     

Determination of the swimming trajectory and speed of chain-forming dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cochlodinium polykrikoides</Emphasis> with digital holographic particle tracking velocimetry

The marine dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides is a harmful and highly motile algal species. To distinguish between the motility characteristics of solitary and chain-forming cells, the swimming trajectories and speeds of solitary cells and 2- to 8-cell chains of C. polykrikoides were measured using a digital holographic particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) technique. C. polykrikoides cells exhibited helical swimming trajectories similar to other dinoflagellate species. The swimming speed increased as the number of cells in the chain increased, from an average of 391 μm s⁻¹ (solitary cells) to 856 μm s⁻¹ (8-cell chain). The helix radius R and pitch P also increased as the number of cells in the chain increased. R increased from 9.24 μm (solitary cell) to 20.3 μm (8-cell chain) and P increased from 107 μm (solitary cell) to 164 μm (8-cell chain). The free thrust-generating motion of the transverse flagella and large drag reduction in the chain-forming cells seemed to increase the swimming speed compared to solitary cells. The measured swimming speeds agreed with those from field observations. The superior motility of chain-forming C. polykrikoides cells may be an important factor for its bloom, in addition to the factors reported previously.     

复合多管除尘器在湿法水泥回转窑除尘中的应用

把具有惯性沉降除尘、旋风子除尘两级一体功能的复合多管除尘器用于带湿式蒸发器的湿法水泥回转窑尾气除尘，替换原“旋风除尘器＋电除尘器”除尘系统中的多筒旋风器。运行测试表明，它的除尘效率达到９４６％，确保了窑尾排放烟尘浓度达到国家标准。     

Metal recovery from mine tailings using bacteria

Zinc metal and zinc sulfide were recovered by oxidative dissolution using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, which is aerobic, autotrophic, and acidophilic bacteria. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans derive energy from oxidation of ferrous iron and elemental sulfur using molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor. From the 10, 000 mg/L of initial zinc concentration, 97% solubilization of zinc metal was obtained from coarse FeS₂ due to microbial action. Also, about 70% metal solubilization occurred with fine sized materials in 58 days. The general trend observed for the ZnS systems was a decrease in pH with time. The pH drop is an indication that microorganisms are acclimating and producing acidic by-products. The iron oxidation state changes due to substrate containing coarse particle size FeS₂ was shown. The shard drop of ratio of Fe(II)/Fe(Total) and sharp increase of ratio of Fe(III)/Fe(Total) was observed in 20 days after inoculation. Thus, microbial activity began more rapidly for the coarse particle size substrate than for the fine FeS₂.     

中国环境影响评价机构现状评价及优化调整思路

根据环境保护部环境工程评估中心公布的数据,中国环境影响评价机构现状特点是：环评机构的主要类型以科研院所占比例最大,其次是公司,最少的是高等院校;区域分布特点是东部多,西部少,经济发达地区多。经济欠发达地区少;评价范围特点是从事社会区域类别的环评机构最多,其次是化工石化医药类。同时,结合中国地区经济数据和市场化的要求,指出中国环评机构的数量与区域经济状况不对称,部分环评机构的评价范围与区域产业结构不匹配,环评机构市场化程度不高。最后,提出优化中国环境影响评价机构的建议。     

阻燃防护服防火性能及发展趋趋势

介绍了阻燃防护服的性能要求、国内外阻燃防护服防火性能检测方法的研究及发展趋势.