Phytoplankton in the Weddell Sea,Antarctica: composition,abundance and distribution in water-column assemblages of the marginal ice-edge zone during austral autumn

At the compacted, north-south line of the ice edge, phytoplankton were sampled during early austral autumn of 1986 in the northwestern Weddell Sea. Cells from discrete water bottle samples from 12 stations on two east-west transects were counted to gain quantitative information on the composition, abundance, distribution, and condition of the phytoplankton in water-column assemblages. Over 70 species were found. The highest numbers of total cells (integrated through the top 150 m) were found in open water, well-separated from and to the east of the ice edge on the southern transect, with 6.01×10¹⁰ cells m^-2. The relative abundance of diatoms was low at ice-convered stations (< 35% of the total phytoplankton in preserved samples) and high at open-water stations (> 80%); however, the relative abundance of the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis sp. was high at ice-covered stations (> 60%) and low at open-water stations (< 16%), with lower absolute abundances than during a previous austral-spring phytoplankton increase. In the open ocean, the dominants were the pennate diatoms Fragilariopsis cylindrus, Pseudonitzschia prolongatoides, F. curta, and a small form of the centric diatom Chaetoceros dichaeta in chains. Although the three pennate diatoms were frequently dominant in number, they represented less biomass than C. dichaeta in open waters. Mean phytoplankton abundance was low (0.2×10⁶ cells l^-1) but, overall, the diatom cell density (0.14×10⁶ cells l^-1) was similar to that found previously during a northward transect from ice-covered to ice-free water at the Weddell-Scotia Sea ice edge (spring 1983). The phytoplankton spatial patterns in the two autumn transects differed, with the more southerly transect exhibiting a higher abundance of diatoms and dinoflagellates. The ratio of full to empty diatoms was higher on the southern transect, indicating a healthy population, while lower ratios of full/empty frustules on the northern transect suggested a generally declining population. However, Phaeocystis sp. was more abundant on the northern transect.     

Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions in China and the abatement measures

The major emission sources of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs in China have been identified, and the emission trends has been estimated. Besides fossil fuel combustion, human respiration and biomass burning are important sources. Some feasible abatement measures on energy conservation, afforestation and biomass recycling have been discussed.     

湿地综合分类研究:Ⅰ.分类

目前湿地研究中存在的主要问题是湿地分类标准不一，不同学科间的湿地分类系统缺乏可比性，且缺乏类别界定的定量指标。本文在总结吸收湿地分类已有成果的基础上，比较了已有方法的优劣，提出了一种动力与成因相结合的综合分类法，并讨论了各个分类等级上分类因子的定量描述方法，从而在一定程度上保证了湿地分类的通用性和定量性。这一综合分类方法的提出有助于用数学模型对湿地动态变化进行定量描述①。     

大塑性变形法制备块体纳米材料

综述了大塑性变形法制备块体纳米材料的发展、常用方法及其工作原理,介绍了大塑性变形法制备块体纳米材料应满足的基本条件,并在此基础上论述了大塑性变形法的实际应用,指出了目前大塑性变形法在制备块体纳米材料时存在的问题.     

硫酸盐还原——甲烷化两相厌氧处理工艺中的回流比研究

以硫酸盐还原—产甲烷两相厌氧新型工艺处理含高浓度硫酸盐有机废水,气提塔出水的回流比的操作选择十分关键。根据、电离平衡理论及最佳工艺条件要求(液相中的C_L(H_2S)≥208mg/L,c(S~(2-))≤500mg/L)推导出估算回流比的模型为[Bc_0(SO_4~(2-))/1500-1]/η≤R≤[Bc_0(SO_4~(2-))(1.49×10~(pH-7) 1)~(-1)/588-1]/η。以该模型为依据处理SO_4~(2-)浓度为10000mg/L合成废水时,得到总COD去除率和总硫酸盐还原率分别为92.6％和97.6％。     

调整农村能源结构是改善西部农业生态环境的核心问题之一

农村能源建设是农业生态系统的中心枢纽之一，通过小型高效沼气池发酵，一方面，改善了我国绝大部分地区农户用能结构及居住环境条件，促使农民的传统生活习惯向现代文明转变，提高农民的生活质量。另一方面，可减少薪柴的樵采，保护植树造林成果，提高森林覆盖率，治理水土流失，实现农作物秸杆的合理利用，增加土壤有机质，改善农业生态环境，促进农业可持续发展。     

钢材混酸酸洗中NO_x与酸雾综合治理技术的研究与应用

采用硝酸与其它酸的混合酸对特殊钢进行表面处理时，会产生大量的ＮＯｘ和其它挥发性酸雾，是冶金企业的主要污染源之一。在金属酸洗过程中以投加化学抑制剂的方法控制ＮＯｘ污染，同时以水洗涤、吸收的方法治理其它挥发性酸雾，是治理这种污染的行之有效的综合治理技术。本文简要介绍了化学抑制法控制ＮＯｘ的基本原理，模拟试验的方法以及综合治理技术在工程中应用情况，以供参考。     

PTA污水处理装置存在问题及对策

针对洛阳石化PTA污水处理装置存在的主要问题，通过分析，提出了相应对策，优化了生产操作，提高了装置的处理水平，保证了污水的达标排放。     

南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅵ)上封寺森林群落植物物种相对多度分布格局

本文应用几何级数分布、分割线段、对数级数分布和对数正态分布等4种模型研究了南岳上封寺森林群落植物物种相对多度的分布格局。结果表明,几何级数分布模型适宜拟合乔木层和草本层,而不适宜于灌木层;分割线段模型适宜于乔木层,其中,多度一频度模型还适于草本层;对数级数分布模型完全适宜于拟合任何层次;对数正态分布模型仅适宜于拟合乔木层。此外,α-指数值介于季雨林-稀树草原之间。     

砂滤池改纤维滤池可行性分析

根据洛阳石化炼油污水装置砂滤池存在的问题，通过分析纤维束滤料的性能特点及工业应用现状，从工艺改造及运行费用方面对砂滤池改为纤维滤池的可行性进行了探讨。