Numerical simulations of heat and moisture transport in thermal protective clothing under flash fire conditions.

A numerical model of heat and moisture transport in thermal protective clothing during exposure to a flash fire was introduced. The model was developed with the assumption that textiles are treated as porous media. The numerical model predictions were compared with experimental data from different fabric systems and configurations. Additionally, with the introduction of a skin model, the parameters that affect the performance of thermal protective clothing were investigated.     

城市生活垃圾生命周期管理

生命周期评价是一种全面的环境管理工具,具有潜在的发展前景。０它通过对产品,产品系统,工艺活动整个生命周期的环境影响环境改善的机会进行评价。根据国际环境毒理与化学学会１９９３年和ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理体系中关于生命周期评价的技术框架,本文应生命周期评价在城市生产垃圾管理系统中的作用及管理系统的清单分析,影响评价和改善评价进行研究。     

重庆市代表性城区冬季和夏季苯系物来源解析

2009—2010年冬季和夏季在重庆市某代表性城区对大气中苯系物进行观测,并应用苯与甲苯特征比值(B/T)和因子分析法对苯系物来源进行了分析。结果表明,2种源分析方法具有较好的一致性,涂料及溶剂的生产与使用以及机动车尾气和油品使用是该研究区域苯系物的主要来源,贡献率分别为59.3%和16.2%。不同功能区、不同季节,苯系物来源构成有所差异。除受汽车尾气影响外,夏季受涂料、溶剂等生产使用的影响也较大,尤其是投诉集中点位、混合区和工业区;冬季,投诉集中点位主要受涂料、溶剂等生产使用等影响,其他点位可能还受到燃烧源的影响。     

基于环境行为的企业环境管理评价研究—以H省为例

以能够反映企业环境行为的有关信息为基础,通过建立科学的百分制量化评价体系,对比较具有代表性和典型性的重点排污工业企业环境行为进行评价分析,明确企业改善环境行为的关键因素和影响机制,提出改善企业环境行为的建议。     

Total petroleum hydrocarbon distribution in soils and groundwater in Songyuan oilfield, Northeast China

In order to investigate the distribution of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in groundwater and soil, a total of 71 groundwater samples (26 unconfined groundwater samples, 37 confined groundwater samples, and 8 deeper confined groundwater samples) and 80 soil samples were collected in the Songyuan oilfield, Northeast China, and the vertical variation and spatial variability of TPH in groundwater and soil were assessed. For the groundwater from the unconfined aquifer, petroleum hydrocarbons were not detected in three samples, and for the other 23 samples, concentrations were in the range 0.01–1.74 mg/l. In the groundwater from the confined aquifer, petroleum hydrocarbons were not detected in two samples, and in the other 35 samples, the concentrations were 0.04–0.82 mg/l. The TPH concentration in unconfined aquifer may be influenced by polluted surface water and polluted soil; for confined aquifer, the injection wells leakage and left open hole wells may be mainly responsible for the pollution. For soils, the concentrations of TPH varied with sampling depth and were 0–15 cm (average concentration, 0.63 mg/g), >40–55 cm (average concentration, 0.36 mg/g), >100–115 cm (average concentration, 0.29 mg/g), and >500–515 cm (average concentration, 0.26 mg/g). The results showed that oil spillage and losses were possibly the main sources of TPH in soil. The consequences concluded here suggested that counter measures such as remediation and long-term monitoring should be commenced in the near future, and effective measures should be taken to assure that the oilfields area would not be a threat to human health.     

微波消解和ASD消解ICP-MS测定土壤中重金属元素的比较

采用微波消解和ASD消解2种消解方式对不同土壤样品进行消解,ICP-MS测定其中重金属含量。微波和ASD2种消解方式均能够较好地提取土壤中的Cr、Co、Ni、Mn和V元素,实验结果的相对误差和相对标准偏差均≤10%,符合实验分析的要求。微波消解精密度优于ASD,可作为优先选择的前处理方法。     

厦门煤渣与粉煤灰开发应用可行性研讨

厦门的年耗煤量已突破 1 50万吨 ,煤渣与粉煤灰的出路是政府与公众所关注的问题。 1 986年与 1 996年相隔 1 0年的两次放射性水平监测与研究相互印证表明 ,厦门以煤渣砖为建材的建筑物 ,放射性水平低于砖混、砖木、泥木、花岗岩等类的建筑物。厦门煤渣与粉煤灰的核素含量 ,均低于《建筑材料用工业废渣放射性物质限制标准》,从而为厦门煤渣与粉煤灰的开发与推广应用提供了科学依据 ,指出了光明前景     

基于地形分区的射线跟踪法加速方法的研究

通过分析影响射线跟踪法计算效率的因素,提出一种基于多线程的用于开放地理环境中的射线跟踪加速方法,以提高射线跟踪法在计算机仿真中的计算效率。该方法应用于特定复杂战场电磁环境,根据电磁波射线传播特性,采用对地形分区的途径减少射线与规则三角面地形面的求交次数,同时使用多线程追踪单个辐射源的射线路径。经过对方法进行仿真计算,验证该方法的有效性。     

NOx Reduction in a Gas Fired Utility Boiler by Combustion Modifications

Data on the effect of several combustion modifications on the formation of nitrogen oxides and on boiler efficiency were acquired and analyzed for a 110 MW gas fired utility boiler. The results from the study showed that decreasing the oxygen in the flue gas from 2.2% to 0.6% reduced the NO_x formation by 33% and also gave better boiler efficiencies. Flue gas recirculation through the bottom of the firebox was found to be ineffective. Staged combustion was found to reduce the NO_x emissions by as much as 55 % while decreasing the efficiency by about 5%. Adjustment of the burner air registers reduced the NO_x formation by about 20 ppm. The lowest NO_x emissions of 42 ppm (at about 3% O₂) in the stack was obtained for air only to one top burner and 0.5% oxygen in the flue gas.