电晕-吸收法治理甲苯废气实验研究

采用脉冲电晕法结合吸收装置处理模拟甲苯废气.电晕反应器为线-筒式,吸收装置接在电晕反应器后.研究结果表明,提高载气中氧气体积分数有利于甲苯的降解,反应后的废气经吸收处理后,甲苯的去除率提高了约15%,对浓度为1334 mg·m-3的甲苯去除率达到了75%以上.通过对吸收后产物分析,发现甲苯降解的主要有机产物为苯甲酸.     

流化床煤部分气化、热解脱硫过程试验研究

在一小型流化床试验台上进行煤部分气化、热解脱硫过程的试验研究.该试验系统由启动燃烧室、流化床本体、灰循环子系统、加料子系统、排渣子系统、蒸汽发生子系统以及测量控制子系统等组成.流化床本体直径为0.1m,高为4.22m,采用烟气夹套加热的方法维持床体温度.试验结果如下:当风煤质量比从2.5增加到5.0时,脱硫效率先增加后降低;当汽煤比从0.45增加到0.63时,脱硫效率也是先增加后降低;钙硫比增加,脱硫效率增加;床温升高,脱硫效率增加.与此同时,还研究了石灰石种类对脱硫效率的影响,以及气化、热解效率与脱硫效率间的相互关系.     

中国绿色消费的政策和实践研究

我国政府高度重视绿色消费,绿色消费政策框架的雏形已初步显现。随着各级政府相关政策的出台,对政策系统梳理,以及对政策的落实情况和实施效果进行评估具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。基于层次梳理法,从中央政策、国务院政策和部门政策三个“战略层面”,以及部门政策中具备“经济类”和“信息化工具类”属性的两个“目标层面”,结合政策的功能作用和市场认可程度将部门政策细分到“实施层面”,梳理得出我国绿色消费政策框架。通过分析我国绿色消费政策的分布情况和特点,对绿色消费政策与国家统计局的居民消费支出分类进行对比分析。同时,本文对我国已经实施的各类政策效果进行评估,分析目前我国绿色消费政策和实践面临的挑战,提出相关政策建议。     

Absorption of NO and NO2 in caprolactam tetrabutyl ammonium halide ionic liquids

To explore environmentally benign solvents for the absorption of NO and NO2, a series of caprolactam tetrabutyl ammonium halide ionic liquids were synthesized. The solubility of NO and NO2 was measured at temperatures ranging from 298.2 to 363.2 K and atmospheric pressure, and the following trend in the solubility of NO and NO2 in ionic liquids with various halide anions was observed, respectively: F > Br > Cl and Br > Cl > F. Moreover, as the temperature increased from 308.15 to 363.15 K and the mole ratio of caprolactam increased from 2:1 to 6:1, the solubility of NO increased. Alternatively, the solubility of NO2 decreased as the temperature increased from 298.15 to 363.15 K, and the mole ratio of caprolactam increased from 2:1 to 6:1. The absorption and desorption of NO and NO2 was practically reversible in the ionic liquids, which was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. The method, which is at least partially reversible, offers interesting possibilities for the removal of NO and NO2.     

Effect of Ca(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) on Cu(II) adsorption by a polyvinylidene fluoride-based chelating membrane from Cu(II)–EDTA complex solution

A polyvinylidene fluoride-based membrane bearing the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid chelating group was employed to recover Cu(II) from the Cu(II)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex aqueous solution. Effects of Ca(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) on Cu(II) uptake were investigated by static batch adsorption tests and dynamic adsorption filtration. Isotherms, kinetics, and breakthrough curves of Cu(II) uptakes in the presence of the three cations at concentrations of 1 mmol L^?1 were elucidated. The three cations showed a positive effect on the Cu(II) uptake; the stimulative roles were in the order of Fe(III) > Fe(II) > Ca(II). They did not alter the adsorption behavior of the membrane; adsorption isotherms and kinetics could be described by Langmuir and Lagergren second-order models, and Cu(II) adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process. The presence of Ca(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) increased the sorption capacity of the membrane stack by 1.3, 1.9, and 3 times. Breakthrough time and the exhaustion time of membrane stacks were also extended.     

国际典型可持续发展指标体系分析与借鉴

可持续发展指标体系是表征可持续发展的一个重要工具。本文对有代表性的国际综合性指标体系包括UNCSD、IISD和UNECE-Eurostat-OECD TFSD等进行了对比分析,研究其在一定维度和主题下指标体系构建和指标选取的特点。比较分析了我国近年来绿色发展、生态文明建设和美丽中国建设等评价考核指标体系的指标选取存在的不足,提出了在新时期可持续发展理念下构建我国可持续发展指标体系的有关建议。     

日本促进可持续消费经验的启示

日本相对丰富的促进可持续消费经验对我国正在大力推动绿色生活方式的形成有较好的参考价值。本文介绍了日本循环社会法律框架下循环再生利用法和绿色采购促进法对促进可持续消费的作用,以及可持续消费的最新实践活动,并从循环再生利用法律法规建立、深化公共绿色采购评估、发布面向普通消费者产品清单、建立消费者发声通道、提升消费者意识、促进消费者导向管理等方面提出对我国推动绿色消费的启示。     

中国餐厨垃圾资源化利用系统建设现状研究

中国餐厨垃圾具有高油、高盐、含水率高、高有机质的特点,具备废物和资源两重性,将其单独回收利用十分必要。在分析餐厨垃圾回收利用、政策法规体系建设以及资源化技术现状的基础上,指出了资源化处理能力存在较大的缺口、缺乏国家层面统一立法、监管主体混乱等问题。基于现有的厌氧制沼、好氧制肥、生物转化以及综合集成技术的特点分析,得出协同厌氧处置、生物转化蛋白饲料、构建多元化技术体系以及产业联动集中布局是餐厨垃圾资源化技术的发展趋势。     

Spatial and temporal distribution of Mo in the overlying water of a reservoir downstream from mining area

This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations of molybdenum (Mo) in the downstream water body of a Mo mine during three hydrologic periods (wet, dry and medium seasons). The physical properties in Luhun Reservoir reflected seasonal variations in different hydrological periods. The redox potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) increased in the dry season. The concomitant decrease in temperature (T), conductivity (COND) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were lowest in the wet season. The pH value did not change significantly during the three hydrologic periods. The distribution of Mo in the dry season was high in upstream and low in downstream areas, which was significantly different from that of the wet and medium seasons. The total Mo concentration in wet (150.1 µg/L) and medium season (148.2 µg/L) was higher than that in the dry season, but the TDS (288.3 mg/L) and the percentage dissolved Mo (81.3%) in overlying water was lowest in the wet season. There was no significant relationship between the dissolved Mo and the total Mo with TDS. In the dry season, the mean total Mo concentration was 116.3 µg/L, which was higher than the standard limit value (70 µg/L) for drinking water (US EPA-United States Environmental Protection Agency recommended value 40 µg/L). Non-point source pollution is the main characteristic of mining area pollution, which was closely related to rainfall. Thus, the Luhun Reservoir contains substantial Mo pollution, which was a significant concern given that it is used as a source of drinking and irrigation water.     

从"人肉搜索"看网络媒介灾害信息的非主流传播

汶川地震“人肉搜索”事件集中代表了网络媒介灾害信息的非主流传播,成为灾后社会舆论的重要组成部分。本文从汶川地震“人肉搜索”事件入手,结合大量实例,分析了网络媒介灾害信息非主流传播的特点、功能及存在的问题,并提出了有效解决的方法。