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171.
Statistical analysis of regulatory ecotoxicity tests. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
P Isnard P Flammarion G Roman M Babut P Bastien S Bintein L Esserméant J F Férard S Gallotti-Schmitt E Saouter M Saroli H Thiébaud R Tomassone E Vindimian 《Chemosphere》2001,45(4-5):659-669
ANOVA-type data analysis, i.e.. determination of lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs), and no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs), has been widely used for statistical analysis of chronic ecotoxicity data. However, it is more and more criticised for several reasons, among which the most important is probably the fact that the NOEC depends on the choice of test concentrations and number of replications and rewards poor experiments, i.e., high variability, with high NOEC values. Thus, a recent OECD workshop concluded that the use of the NOEC should be phased out and that a regression-based estimation procedure should be used. Following this workshop, a working group was established at the French level between government, academia and industry representatives. Twenty-seven sets of chronic data (algae, daphnia, fish) were collected and analysed by ANOVA and regression procedures. Several regression models were compared and relations between NOECs and ECx, for different values of x, were established in order to find an alternative summary parameter to the NOEC. Biological arguments are scarce to help in defining a negligible level of effect x for the ECx. With regard to their use in the risk assessment procedures, a convenient methodology would be to choose x so that ECx are on average similar to the present NOEC. This would lead to no major change in the risk assessment procedure. However, experimental data show that the ECx depend on the regression models and that their accuracy decreases in the low effect zone. This disadvantage could probably be reduced by adapting existing experimental protocols but it could mean more experimental effort and higher cost. ECx (derived with existing test guidelines, e.g., regarding the number of replicates) whose lowest bounds of the confidence interval are on average similar to present NOEC would improve this approach by a priori encouraging more precise experiments. However, narrow confidence intervals are not only linked to good experimental practices, but also depend on the distance between the best model fit and experimental data. At least, these approaches still use the NOEC as a reference although this reference is statistically not correct. On the contrary, EC50 are the most precise values to estimate on a concentration response curve, but they are clearly different from the NOEC and their use would require a modification of existing assessment factors. 相似文献
172.
Drivers of Forest Cover Dynamics in Smallholder Farming Systems: The Case of Northwestern Vietnam 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The national-scale forest recovery of Vietnam started in the early 1990s and is associated with a shift from net deforestation to net reforestation. Large disparities in forest cover dynamics are, however, observed at the local scale. This study aims to unravel the mechanisms driving forest cover change for a mountainous region located in northwest Vietnam. Statistical analyses were used to explore the association between forest cover change and household characteristics. In Sa Pa district, deforestation rates are decreasing, but forest degradation continues at similar rates. Deforestation is not necessarily associated with impoverished ethnic communities or high levels of subsistence farming, and the largest forest cover dynamics are found in villages with the best socio-economic conditions. Our empirical study does not provide strong evidence of a dominant role of agriculture in forest cover dynamics. It shows that empirical studies on local-scale forest dynamics remain important to unravel the complexity of human–environment interactions. 相似文献
173.
Nguyen Cao Don Hiroyuki Araki Nguyen Thi Minh Hang Hiroyuki Yamanishi Kenichi Koga 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(2):219-231
Groundwater is an important resource in the alluvial coastal lowland plains. In the Shiroishi lowland plain, southwestern
Kyushu Island of Japan, land subsidence due to groundwater development has long been recognized as an environmental issue.
Land subsidence can have several negative economic and social implications. In this study, an integrated numerical groundwater
and land subsidence model, which combines a three-dimensional numerical groundwater flow model and a one-dimensional soil
consolidation model, was used to simulate the dynamic groundwater flow and ground subsidence due to pumping. On the other
hand, a groundwater optimization model was also formulated to search for an optimal safe yield of groundwater pumping without
violating physical, environmental, social-economic constraints. The model results reveal that groundwater levels in the aquifers
greatly vary from season to season in response to varying climatic and pumping conditions. Consequently, land subsidence has
rapidly occurred throughout the area with the central prone in Shiroishi plain. The study also proposes a countermeasure against
subsiding process in the area by means of numerical models. The optimization model result suggests that pumping can be increased
in the northern part of the study area without leading to significant land subsidence. 相似文献
174.
The concept of school-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) education has increasingly become popular as greater emphasis is placed on the role of schools in reducing risks and building the resilience of the education system. This paper discusses the variations in the implementation of DRR education among primary schools in different areas including urban, rural, mountainous, plain and coastal areas in Da Nang City, Central Vietnam. For rural schools, similarities in the implementation of DRR education are observed and schools in both rural plain and rural mountainous areas stress the provision of disaster-related training. In addition, improvement of school buildings and external relationship is important for the resilience of urban schools. Specifically, for schools in urban coastal areas, school location and structure are significant, while for schools in the urban plain lands, enhancement of collaboration with their community has the most potential to contribute to the resilience of a school. From that, this research proposes that leadership and prioritization are key factors in helping schools to manage internal and external resources to efficiently overcome challenges and effectively promote DRR education towards the enhancement of schools’ resilience. 相似文献
175.
Nguyen Lan Huong Nguyen Tien Dung Tran Thi Viet Nga Nguyen Duc Luong Tran Hoai Son Nguyen Thuy Lien Nguyen Thi Huong Nguyen Hoang Giang Nguyen Tan Phong Nguyen Ngoc Tuan Isawa Tomoo Ta Yasutaka Sato Ryoichi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):41983-41991
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Steel slag is an industrial by product of steel manufacturing processes and has been widely utilized within civil and construction materials for road... 相似文献
176.
Nguyen Ngoc-Lien Bui Van-Hoi Pham Hoang-Nam To Hien-Minh Dijoux-Franca Marie-Geneviève Vu Cam-Tu Nguyen Kieu-Oanh Thi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(58):87268-87280
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims to find the interaction between ionome and metabolome profiles of Pteris vittata L., an arsenic hyperaccumulator plant, to reveal its... 相似文献
177.
PM10中重金属的分布及其在模拟酸雨中的释放 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
运用扫描电镜-X射线能谱分析方法(SEM-EDS)和电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES),分析和测定了佛山市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)及其中重金属的赋存状态和质量分布.同时研究了模拟酸雨淋溶条件下PM10中重金属Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd的释放过程.结果表明,颗粒物在大气中存在的形态各异,主要以簇状集合体形式存在.PM10日平均浓度为0.19 mg/m3,与国家二级标准(0.15 mg/m3)相比,超标率为79%.PM10中含有一定量的Zn、Pb、Cu和Cd,其中Zn、Pb的含量要高于Cd和Cu.模拟酸雨淋溶实验显示,PM10中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd均有不同程度的释放,Cd和Zn的释放率明显高于Cu和Pb,且释放速率较快;pH值是影响4种重金属释放的主要因素,随模拟淋溶液pH值降低,重金属的释放强度显著提高. 相似文献
178.
179.
Nguyen Thi Van Ha A. Prem Ananth C. Visvanathan V. Anbumozhi 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(14):1272-1280
Eco-industrial networking is considered as a new approach for businesses to improve their competitiveness, economic viability and human and ecosystem health. A cyclic material flow with alternative usage of all materials in the loop is an essential feature of an eco-industrial network. While eco-industrial networking has been primarily applied on the high-tech sector, this paper attempts to apply the principles on the fishery sector of An Giang, a Vietnamese province in the Mekong River Delta. An Giang Province has its own market share in the trade of Tra and Basa fish. The industries in the value chain of Tra and Basa are in a situation that forces them to improve their competitiveness to retain the market share. It was found that forming an eco-industrial network and recruiting new businesses to utilize all materials in the process provides additional revenue apart from reducing waste disposal concerns. This paper details the current market situation, the issues faced and material flow patterns and presents a feasible eco-industrial network. The results of the study indicate that the eco-industrial network creates positive impacts in terms of increased competitiveness, improved socio-economic conditions and cleaner environment. 相似文献
180.
Cell culture testing with material extracts was applied to toxicity screening of some commercial degradable plastics: a plasticized
cellulose acetate, an aliphatic polyester (Bionolle), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (Biopol), and polycaprolactone
(TONE polymer). Cell culture medium with serum was used as extraction medium. Methods for the determination of morphology
and viability of cells cultured in the extract were investigated. Phase-contrast light microscopy of cells, enhanced by neutral
red staining, provides high-contrast images for qualitative evaluation of cell morphology and lysis. Compared to the determination
of protein using the Bradford method and of neutral red uptake, the determination of dehydrogenase activity using 3-[4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl]-2,5-diephenyl-tetrazolium
bromide (MTT) is more sensitive and accurate. The relative MTT activity of cells cultured in fresh extracts indicate that
TONE polymer (all shapes) and Bionolle (test bars and films) are comparable to materials currently used in the food industry
(polyethylene terephthalate, atactic and isotactic polystyrene) with no toxic effects on cells. 相似文献